Intro to Sports Psych Unit 1 RRC

For a sports psych specialist to achieve certification from the AASP, they must

have a master's or doctoral degree in sports science/psych

Which of these questions would NOT fall under the category of the effect psychological factors have on an individual's performance?

Does running reduce one's anxiety and depression?

The major strength of scientifically derived knowledge is

reliability

Research by Landers and his colleagues used biofeedback techniques to train elite marksmen to shoot between heartbeats. This is a good example of a

psychophysiological orientation

Which of these statements is FALSE?

Sport psychology specialists should always look at each client's individual needs and make sure they don't practice outside of their competency.

Athletes' issues cannot be easily compartmentalized into performance vs nonperformance issues.

An educational sport psychologist should be able to treat individuals who have a gambling problem.

An educational sport psychologist should be able to treat individuals who have a gambling problem.

Which of these statements is true?

Sport psychology focuses on the concerns of the elite athlete.

Sport psychology is concerned with both sport and exercise settings.

Sport psychology focuses on the competitive sport of young athletes.

Sport psychology focuses on recreational athletes.

Sport psychology is concerned with both sport and exercise settings.

Scientifically derived knowledge has some limitations, including that it

is reductionist

is very fast to evolve

tends to be conservative

all of these

A & C

is reductionist AND tends to be conservative

The least reliable method of acquiring knowledge is

intuition

Which of these is seen as a major growth area in the field of sports psych in the upcoming years?

Exercise psychology AND Life Skills Development

The major strength of scientifically derived knowledge is its

reliability

Behavior is determined by the interaction of the environment and the personal make-up of the performer. This is an example of

social-psychological orientation

Which of these is true?

Olympic swimmers look to coaches for technical skills before social competence skills.

Communication patterns differ between more successful versus less successful tennis doubles teams.

Nonverbal behavior, including the clothing worn by athletes, influences the ratings others give athletes regarding their performances.

B and C

B and C

Nonverbal communication in sport is important, as shown by the finding that

athletes displayed more confidence when their opponents wore general sportswear

The ELITE program resulted in the improvement of what type of skills?

Communication

One article recommends assuming the perspective of the other person in order to enhance communication. This involves the use of

role-playing

Research by Gano-Overway and colleagues on underdeserved youth participating in summer camp found that with increased caring from the coaches and counselors, under deserved youth

exhibited a decrease in antisocial behavior

A study by Millar and colleagues (2011) examining the feedback rowing coaches provided their rowers concluded the coaches did NOT use which 2 types of feedback?

Evaluative, affective

Which of the following aspects of communication is positively related to increases in task cohesion?

Distinctiveness, acceptance

In a study by Lorimer (2013), which of these was NOT given as a way to improve the accuracy of coaches' empathy?

being reflexive

gathering information

avoiding biases

maintaining appropriate levels of empathy

reflective listening

Reflective listening

Which suggestion was given by Eccles and Tran for improving communication to improve team coordination?

Use multiple senses, use redundancy

According to a series of studies by Furley and colleagues, which of these is FALSE?

Players taking a penalty kick in soccer were more positively perceived if they exhibited dominant rather than submissive body language.

The timing of a goalkeeper's movement was dependent on the nonverbal behavior of the penalty shooters.

Winning and losing in a variety of sports could be determined simply based on body language.

None of these are false.

None of these are false

Burton contends that athletes who set outcome goals will experience more anxiwety than lower self-confidence in competition; this is

because their goals are not within their complete control AND one of the indirect thought-process explanations for the effectiveness of goal setting

Directing a performer's attention to important elements of a skill is

one way in which goal setting can influence performance

Burton (1989a) in a study of basketball skills, found that

goal setting enhanced performance more for low-complexity tasks when compared to high-complexity tasks

A formal assessment of an athlete's current ability or needs is

part of the instructor/leaders preparation stage of implementing a goal-setting program AND great for identifying areas of improvement

"Chip a bucket of golf balls onto a practice green three days a week" is an example of

a strategy for attaining the goal of "lower my handicap by 3 strokes"

At times there are situations where it is appropriate to give up on striving toward a goal. This is done through

self-regulation

Which of these is true regarding goal-setting practices of high school and collegiate coaches?

the only disadvantage noted was setting goals unrealistically high

A task goal orientation will usually lead to which of these?

Persistance in the face of failure AND a strong work ethic

Bill is always concerned both with winning and with comparing his ability to that of others. Bill has

an outcome-goal orientation

To understand the motive of students, athletes, and exercisers for involvement, one should:

observe participants to see what they do and do not like about the activity

talk to others who know the athletes and exercisers

periodically ask the participants to list their reasons for participation

all of these

All of these

Which of these is NOT a component of achievement motivation theory?

motive to seek approval from others

Sylvester and colleages found that a good way to increase motivation to exercise is to

increase variety in exercise programming and competitiveness

Research indicates interesting cross-cultural differences in motives for participation. Which of these is FALSE?

U.S. children are primarily motivated to win, whereas German children are primarily motivated to please parents.

"I dont want to run slower than my personal best time" is an example of

a mastery-avoidance goal

What percentage of coaches have been found to report their own interpersonal behavior to be more positive than was seen by their athletes?

30%

An effective technique to use to change undesirable motives of participant is

behavior modification

A study by Sorrentino and Sheppard on motivation of swimmers found that

approval-oriented swimmers demonstrated faster times in the relay, rejection-oriented swam faster individually

The study by Lepper and Greene investigating the effects of external rewards on intrinsic motivation of children found that

the type of reward was important regarding its effects on intrinsic motivation AND the expected reward condition had the lowest levels of intrinsic motivation (compared to no reward and unexpected rewards)

Which of these statements are true?

Continuous reinforcement is best in the early stages of learning.

An intermittent schedule of reinforcement is best once the skill is well learned.

Behaviors reinforced on a continuous schedule persist longer than those reinforced on an intermittent schedule.

Continuous reinforcement is best in the early stages of learning.

An intermittent schedule of reinforcement is best once the skill is well learned.

Research has revealed that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation when

the behavior was contingent on receiving a reward

the reward was expected

the reward was relatively salient

all of the above

All of the above

According to McAuley and Tammen's studies on intrinsic motivation and subjective vs objective outcomes,

subjective perceptions of performance are the most important detriments of intrinsic motivation

Research has found that rewards

are effective in the short run (less than 6 months) and are effective for initiation of behavior but not maintenance

Throughout the goal-setting process,

All of the above

Non-verbal behaviors that communicate interest and attention

maintain eye contact

An athlete is more motivated against better component

situational

Novice athletes should set

one goal at a time

Research on empathy in coaches and athletes found

Individual sport coaches were more accurate and coaches empathy was improved with more time

What is the perspective that goals should alter psychological factors that impact performance

indirect thought-process theory

What is not a component of achievement motivation theory?

Motive to seek approval from others

Who is the father of sports psych

Coleman Griffith

COVID created more opportunities for sports psych due to

Teleconsulting for sessions

Sullivan devised 7 communication exercises to

avoid interrupting others and confront issues right away

What is not true of reinforcement?

The consequence of behavior are not as important to one's personality

What is the primary difference between scientifically derived knowledge and personal practice?

Scientifically derived is systematic whereas professional is holistic and innovative

Which of these guidelines for implementing behavior programs?

all of the above

RE-AIM model

Reach

Efficacy

Adoption

Implementation

Maintenance

Self-competition refers to _______

achievement motivation

Performance in socially evaluative situations is __________

competition

What is NOT described as a current/future trend in the field of Sport and Exercise Psychology?

Increase in quantitative research methodologies

Shaping occurs when

rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response