Enzymes and Membranes Lecture

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding enzymes and plasma membrane structures, their properties, functions, and implications in metabolism.

What are the three properties of enzymes?

Enzymes are specific, efficient, and can be regulated.

What type of macromolecule are most enzymes?

Most enzymes are proteins.

How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?

Temperature and pH can alter enzyme shape and function, affecting their activity.

What are anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Anabolic pathways build molecules and require energy, while catabolic pathways break down molecules and release energy.

What is the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Why are phospholipids arranged in a bilayer manner?

This arrangement maintains a distinct internal environment while allowing selective permeability.

What macromolecule is responsible for most functions of the plasma membrane?

Proteins carry out most of the functions of the plasma membrane.

What are the four main types of macromolecules in the plasma membrane?

The four main types are phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates; each has specific functions.

How does the immune system differentiate between self and foreign cells?

The immune system recognizes unique markers on cell membranes, such as proteins and carbohydrates.

True or False: Most enzymes can do many different types of reactions; they are multi-purpose tools.

True.

Why should heat harm the cells when lab equipment is sterilized?

C. Heat breaks down macromolecules so these organisms do not have food.

Which of the following describes the principal components of the plasma membrane?

A. Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol.