ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

The Milky Way Galaxy

- barred spiral galaxy
- there is a central bulge (most of the gravitational pull is concentrated here)

Dark Matter

- up to 96% of the universe is invisible

Dark Energy

- repulsive force that pushes matter outward, causes the expansion of the universe to speed up

Closed Universe

- all the galaxies will eventually slow down, reverse direction, fall back into the center, collapse and then explode again to form a new universe

Open Universe

- if the gravitational force of the universe is not sufficient to stop the expansion, the galaxies will continue to fly apart forever

Red Shift

- if the light source moves away from you, the light becomes redder as the light shifts to longer wavelengths or lower frequencies

Blue Shift

- If the source moves towards you, the light you see becomes more blue as the light shifts to higher frequencies.

Big Bang Theory

- about 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began with a massive and rapid expansion
- prior to this expansion, no space and time
- matter and energy were contained in a compact point called singularity

Cosmic Inflation

- burst of expansion