4.1.1 (Micro) Economic methodology and the economic problem

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20 Terms

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The economic problem

Infinite wants but finite resources

How to allocate scare resources (FoP) among competing uses to maximise living standards

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Economics as a social science

Study of human behaviour - cannot be analysed in the same way as natural science

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Economic vs Natural science testing

  1. value judgements and ideological basis - study of behaviour

  2. no laboratory for economists - no control group to test theories

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Economic models

look at how different variables interact - use both qualitative information and statistical data

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Purpose of economic activity

The production of goods and services to satisfy needs and wants

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Key economic decisions

What to produce

How to produce

Who is it produced for

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Factors of Production

Inputs, scarce resources in the production of goods and services

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Land

All natural resources available

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Labour

All human resources (Skilled and unskilled)

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Capital

Any item that assists the production process and has been produced (machinery)

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Enterprise

The entrepreneur, risk taker, bringing the other FoP together in order to make profit

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Land reward

Rent - allowing corporations to utilise your natural resources

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Labour reward

Wages - compensations for the individuals time

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Capital reward

Interest - return on investment in machinery

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Enterprise reward

Profit - reward for the entrepreneurs ideas/skills

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Scarcity

The demand for a good or service is greater than the availability

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Scarcity impact

Choices have to be made about how scarce resources are allocated between different uses

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Opportunity Cost

the cost of the next best alternative forgone when a choice is made

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Positive statements

Factual economic statements for which the accuracy can be verified through a scientific method (not an opinion)

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Normative statements (value judgements)

Cannot be found true or false when tested