Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

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lamina

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pedicle

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body

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vertebral foramen

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superior articular facet and process

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transverse process

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spinous process

how many vertebrae does the cervical curvature have?

7 (C1-C7)

name this curvature

cervical

how many vertebrae does the thoracic curvature have?

12 (T1-T12)

name this curvature

thoracic

how many vertebrae does the thoracic curvature have?

5 (L1-L5)

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lumbar

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sacrum

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coccyx

which bone(s) are considered fused vertebrae?

sacrum and coccyx

how many vertebrae does the sacrum have?

5

how many vertebrae does the sacrum have?

4

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atlas (C1)

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atlas (C2)

Which vertebral group does this bone belong to? (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar)

cervical

Which vertebral group does this bone belong to? (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar)

thoracic

Which vertebral group does this bone belong to? (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar)

lumbar

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dens of axis

What key feature(s) can be used to identify atlas from all the other cervical bones?

atlas has no body and has a facet for the dens of axis

What key feature(s) can be used to identify axis from all the other cervical bones?

axis has dens

What key feature(s) can be used to identify a cervical vertebra?

• bifit spinous process,

• triangular vertebral foramen

• has transverse foramen

• rectangular body

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transverse foramen

What key feature(s) can be used to identify a thoracic vertebra?

• transverse costal facets (for ribs)

• circular vertebral foramen

• heart-shaped body

What key feature(s) can be used to identify a lumbar vertebra?

• short blunt spinous process

• kidney-shaped body

• triangular vertebral foramen

• thin and tapered spinous processes

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anulus fibrosus

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nucleus pulposus 

what happens when you get a herniated disc?

the anulus fibrous tears and the nucleus pulposus herniates out, it will then press on the spinal nerve roots

the rib articulates with the ______________ of the vertebrae above, the ___________ of the rib vertebrae below, and the _________ of the vertebrae below

inferior costal facet; superior costal facet; transverse costal facet on transverse process

what surgery is done for people who have disk herniation with neurological signs?

laminectomy

what vertebrae does the rib articulate with?

thoracic vertebrae

what vertebral region has the greatest range of motion?

cervical

which vertebral region has the most rotation?

thoracic

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true ribs (1-7)

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false ribs (8-12)

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floating ribs (11-12)

attached to sternum with their own cartilage

true ribs

attached to the sternum by joining the cartilage of the rib above

false ribs

not attached to the sternum in anyway & have no cartilage

floating ribs

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sacral promontory

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median sacral crest

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sacral hiatus

which ribs have no anterior or inferior attachment?

floating ribs

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clavicle

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acromion

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coracoid process

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glenoid cavity

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suprascapular notch

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superior border

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superior angle

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subscapular fossa

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lateral border

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medial border

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inferior angle

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spine

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supraspinous fossa

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infraspinous fossa

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supraglenoid tubercule

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infraglenoid tubercule

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humerus

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head of humerus

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greater tubercle

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lesser tubercle

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intertubercular sulcus

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anatomical neck

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surgical neck

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deltoid tuberosity

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radial groove

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medial supracondylar ridge

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medial epicondyle

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olecranon fossa

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lateral epicondyle

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trochlea

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capitulum

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lateral supracondylar ridge

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radial fossa

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coronoid fossa

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head of radius

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radius

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ulna

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radial tuberosity

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coronoid process

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olecranon

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trochlear notch

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head of ulna

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ulnar styloid process

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radius styloid process

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radial notch

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scaphoid (peanut)

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lunate (crescent moon)

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triquetrum (triangle)

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pisiform (pea)

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trapezium (letter t)

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trapezoid (baby boot)

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capitate (skull)