US History Chapter 12 Study Guide

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What did Southerners have to do under Lincoln’s reconstruction to receive a pardon?

Swear loyalty to the Union

Who did Andrew Johnson blame for causing the Civil War?

The wealthy white planter elite

What did former Confederate states have to do before they elect people to Congress under the Republican’s Reconstruction plan?

They would have to ratify the 13th amendment

How did Andrew Johnson challenge the Tenure of Office Act?

By removing a secretary at war (Edwin Stanton)

Why did many Republican senators join the Democrats in voting not to remove President Johnson from office?

They believed it was a dangerous precedent to impeach the president for disagreeing with congress’ actions

Why were some small farmers scalawags?

They resented the planter society and the slave system even before the American Civil War

What was the original goal of the KKK?

To drive out carpetbaggers and intimidate African American voters in order to regain control of the south for Democrats

Why did Democrats say that sin taxes favored the rich?

The rich use the bound-owners and the taxes affected the middle and lower classes to a much greater degree

When Hayes pulled federal troops out of the South, what did it end?

Reconstruction

Whose reconstruction plan called for reconciling with the South rather than pushing it?

Abraham Lincoln

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Radical Reconstruction plan?

Guaranteeing seats in Congress for African Americans - Preventing Confederate leaders from returning to power - Making the Republican Party a powerful institution in the South - Guaranteeing African Americans’ right to vote in the South -

The goal of guaranteeing seats in Congress for African Americans

Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, why did many members of Congress vote to reject the representatives that Southern voters elected to Congress?

They use former Confederate officers and political leaders

How could president Johnson interfere with laws passed by the Republicans in Congress in 1866?

He could refuse to enforce their laws

What was the main charge at President Johnson’s impeachment trial?

That he had violated the Tenace of Office Act by removing Stanton from office

Why did Ulysses S. Grant win several Southern states in the election of 1868?

He was a Civil War hero; ongoing violence in the South; African American support in the Southern States

Who were Northerners who moved to the South to take advantage of the war-torn region?

Carpetbagger

What did Ulysses S. Grant believe the role of the president was?

To carry out laws and leave the development to Congress

What was Horace Greeley’s party in opposition to Grant’s re-election?

The Liberal Republican Party

Why was there initially no clear winner in the election of 1876?

Because of disputed electoral votes in four states: Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Oregon

What is amnesty?

An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses

How did Lincoln block the Wade-Davis Bill?

By killing the bill without a pocket veto

What were freedmen?

A formerly enslaved person who was released

What are Carpetbaggers?

An opportunistic Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War for money

What is a Scalawag?

A white southerner who supported Reconstruction policies

What is a Graft?

A form of corruption

What was the secret society that was started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866?

The KKK

What were sin taxes?

Taxes imposed by governments on products or activities that are considered to be morally or socially harmful, such as alcohol, tobacco, and gambling.

What were Sharecroppers?

A legal agreement where a landowner who allows a tenant to use the land in return for the crops produced on that land