Biomechanics 3

What are the actions at the hip?

Flexion, extension, hyper extension

Abd, add

Cirumduct

INv/ ever at hip

What muscles are on the frontal side of hip?

Rectus femoris, sartorius, iliopoas

What muscles are at the medial hip

Adductors, gracilis, pectineous

What muscles are at the posterior hip?

Glute max, hamstring

What muscles are lateral side of the hip

Abductors, glute med, glute min, TFL

What nerves are at the hip?

Sciatic (post-ham)

Femoral (ant)

Obturator (medial)

What is the ASIS?

Anterior superior iliac spine

What inserts at the tibial tuberosity?

Patella tendon (RF, VM, VL, VIM)

Is the head of the femur convex or concave?

convex

Is the acetabulum convex or concave?

concave

What 3 ligaments reinforce the joint capsule?

iliofemoral

pubofermoral

ischiofemoral

What does he acetabular labrum do?

Helps to hold femoral had in the acetablum

What is the action of the anterior muscles of the hip?

primary hip flexors : iliopsoas,RF, sartorius

What muscles make up the iliopsoas?

Iliacus, psoas, psoas minor

What is the origin of the iliospoas

iliac fossa

What is the insertion of iliopoas

Lesser trochanter

What is the action of the illiospoas

Powerful in hip flexion & external rotation

What nerve innervates iliopsoas?

femoral nerve

Why is there exercise caution with the iliopsoas?

It pulls the back anterior into an arch when supine —> bend knees to help counteract

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

AIIS

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

tibial tuberosity

What does the rectus femoris do?

Hip flex, knee ext, ant pelvic tilt

What nerve innervates rectus femoris

femoral

What are the muscles of the quadricep group

Vastus med, lad, intermed, rectus femoris

Which quad muscle crosses at the hip joint

Rectus femoris

What is the origin of the sartorius

ASIS

What is the insertion of the sartorius

Pes anserine

What does the sartorius do

hip flexion -hackey sac move

What is the origin of the pectineus

pubis

What is the insertion of the pectineus

Pectineal line of the femur → inferior to the lesser throchanter

What is the action of the pectineus

add and flexion

What nerve innervates the pectineus

femoral

What are the three adductor muscles

Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus

What is the origin of adductor longus

pubis

What is the insertion of adductor longus

middle 1/3 of linea aspera

What does the Add Longgus do

Adduct hip & assist hip flexion

What nerve innervates Add longus

Obturator (L2-4)

What is the origin of adductor brevis

pubis

What is the insertion of the add brevis

Pectineal line of femur & proximal linea aspera

What does the add brevis do

Add hip & ex rt with add & assist hip flex

What nerve innervates Add brevis

ObturatroR (L2,L3)

What is the origin and what nerve innervates psoas major

T12-L5 vertebrae (trunk flex & hip flex), femoral nerve

Why do sit up with knees bent not straight

Legs straight can increase anterior pelvic tilt (lumbar lordosis) —> Bent causes active insuffiency

What are th multi Jt hip muscles attach below knee

Semitendinous, Semimembraneous, Biceps femoris (LH), Sartorius, Gracilis, Recus femoris, TFL

Name the muscles that contribute to hip flexion and nerve innervateing

Sartorius, rectus femoris, iliopsoas

WHat is the origin and insertion of the add magnus

Pubis & ischium

Entire length of linea aspera & adductor tubercle

What does the add magnus do

hip adduction, ER with add

What nerve innervates add magnus

Obturator and sciatic (L2,3,4)

What is the origin and insertion of the gracilis

O: pubis

I: pes anserine

WHat does the gracilis do

Hip adduction & assist in knee flexion

What nerve innervates the gracilis

obturator (L2,3)

What is the origin and insertion of Glute max

Post sacrum and ilium

Posr femur distal greater throchanter and the IT band

What is the action of the glute max

Ext, hyper ext, and ER

WHat nerve innervates glute max

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)

What are the muscles of the hamstring group

Bicep femoris, semitendiniosius, semimembranosous

What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus

O:iachial tuberosity

I: Pes anserine

What are the actions of the semitendinosus & semimembranosus

Hip ext, knee flex, IR of hip and knee

WHat is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: Posteromeidal surface of medial tibial condyle

WHat muscles attach at the pes anserine

Gracilis, semit, semim

What are the PGOGOQ muscles

deep external rotators

What is the P in PGOGOQ

piriformis

WHat is the origin and insertion of glute med

O: Lateral surface of the ilium

I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter

What is the action of the glute med

Hip abd, IR

What is the origin and insertion of glute min

O: Lateral surface of ilium below glute med

I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter

What are the actions of the glute min

Hip abd, hip flex, IR

What is the origin and insertion of TFL

O: Anteiror iliac crest

I: ¼ way down thigh into gerdys tubercle

What are the actions of the TFL

Hip abd, hip flex, IR with flexion, ant pelvic rt

What motion occurs in the sagittal plane

flexion and extension

Why is the hip joint not prone to dislocation

Very deep strong muscles, lots of ligaments, a strong labrum

Does the femoral head glide in the same or opposite direction as distal femur during hip flexion and extension

opposite

What movements does the knee have

Flexion, extension, some IR and ER

What is the patellofemoral joint

Patella and femur

What is the convex surface of the knee

femoral condyles

What is the concave surface of knee

tibial condyles

In closed chain how does the femoral and tibial condyles move

femoral on tibial

• In open chained exercises how does femoral and tibial condyles move

Tibial on femoral

• What is the popliteus responsible for

• Unlocked when the knee is in terminal knee extensions - starts flexion 

What is the screw home mechanism

• What bones make up the knee

• Femur, tibia, fibula, patella 

• What is in the popliteal space?

• Popliteal artery and vein 

• Which is the large of the mensci 

medial mensicus

• What mensici is an open C shape

• Medial meniscus

• WHat mensici is closed C shape

lateral meniscus

Where does the ACL attach

• Anterior tibia to posterior femur

• Where does the PCL attach 

• Posterior tibia to anterior femur

• Where is the MCL

Between femur and tibia on the medial aspect

• Where is the LCL

• oins femur and tibia on the lateral side 

• What is the origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis

• O: Linea Aspera

• I: Lat border of patella, patella tendon to tib tub

• What is the action of the vastus lat

knee extension

• What nerve innervates the vastus lat

femoral 

• What is the O and I of Vastus Intermed

• O: Anterior femur

•   I: upper patella, patellar tendon to tib tub

• What is the action of the Vastus Intermed

knee extension

• WHat nerve innervates vastus intermed

femoral 

• What is the O and I of Vastus Med

• O: length of linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge

• I: Medial upper patella 

What is the action of the vastus medialis

knee extension

WHat nerve innervates vastus medialis

Femoral

• WHat is the O and I of the popliteus

• O: Post lateral condyle of femur

• I: Post med condyle of tibia

• What is the action of the popliteus 

initates knee flexion and unlocks knee

• What connects at the calcaneal tuberosity

Achilles tendon 

• WHat is the hind foot

talus and calcaneus