Music GCSE Key terms

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64 Terms

1

Subject

The first theme of a fugue

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2

Counter-subject

The second theme of a fugue

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3

Fugue

A structure - built on a subject + countersubject that appear frequently, with imitation

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4

Concertino

The solo instruments

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5

Ripieno

The accompanying instruments

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6

Pedal

A repeated note at the bottom of the texture

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7

Ternary

A structure - ABA

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8

Appoggiatura

A grace note

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9

Concerto Grosso

A concerto with multiple soloists

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10

Conjunct

When a melody comprises of notes close together

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11

Disjunct

When a melody comprises of notes far apart

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12

Sequence

A repeated idea, either ascending or descending

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13

Sonata form

A structure- comprised of an exposition, development, recapitulation and coda

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14

Exposition

The opening of Sonata Form

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15

Development

The middle section of Sonata form - explores different keys

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16

Recapitulation

The last section of sonata form, usually all in the tonic key

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17

Coda

The end of sonata form

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18

Tremolo

Rapidly repeated note or set of notes

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19

Diminished

A chord e.g. C - Eb - Gb - A

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20

Homophonic

A Texture - block chords

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21

Monophonic

A texture - Unison

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22

Alberti bass

Repeated broken chords in the bass

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23

Fortepiano

Loud then suddenly quiet

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24

Sforzando

Suddenly Loud

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25

Ground Bass

A repeated bass line that outlines the harmony

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26

Word Painting

When the music reflects the words being sung

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27

Mordent

An ornament - upper or lower - goes up/down one note then returns to the first one

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28

Melismatic

Multiple notes per syllable

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29

Syllabic

One note per syllable

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30

Realisation

An improvisation based on a figured bass

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31

Figured bass

An accompaniment notation that is signified by numbers

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32

Multi-tracking

Recording multiple audio tracks to later mix into one

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33

Overdubbed

Recording over one’s self

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34

Pull-offs

Guitar technique when one plucks the string on the fret

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35

Slides

Guitar technique - moving your hand up and down the fretboard whilst playing

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36

String bends

Guitar technique - moving the string horizontally across the fretboard so the pitch gets higher

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37

Vibrato

Minutely changing the pitch very fast

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38

Reverb

Production technique - creates a faint echo

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39

Panning

Production technique - gives the affect of instruments being physically surrounding you

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40

Flanger

Production technique - changes the sound by slightly delaying part of the sound

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41

Distortion

Production technique - altering the sound wave to change the effect

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42

Falsetto

Vocal technique - singing higher than your vocal range

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43

Wah-wah

An effect that changes a guitar to make it sound like wah-wah

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44

Vocables

Sounds that are not words (la, ba)

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45

Leitmotif

A musical idea used to represent a character, theme or place

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46

Quartal

Harmony based around 4ths

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47

Anacrusis

An upbeat

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48

Homo-rhythmic

All instruments play the same rhythm

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49

Atonal

No clear key

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50

Polytonal

Many keys at once

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51

Inverted pedal

A repeated note at the top of the texture

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52

Hexatonic

Uses notes within the hexatonic scale

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53

Rallentando

Slowing down

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54

Ostinato

A repeated sequence of notes or rhythms

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55

Looping

Repeating the same sample

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56

Kora

An African string instrument with 21 strings

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57

Talking drum

An african drum that can be changed pitch using the elbow

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58

Hurdy-gurdy

An irish string instrument operated by turning a wheel to create a drone and pressing buttons to change the pitch

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59

Uilleann pipes

Irish bagpipes

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60

Bodhrán

An irish drum played with a tipper or the hand

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61

Double stopping

Multiple notes played at once on a string instrument

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62

Modal

Not major or minor, but another tonality

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63

Rubato

In free time

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64

Bossa nova

A style of music which is a fusion of samba and american jazz

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