Chemical Bonds: Covalent and Ionic

What is Chemical Bonding?

• a force of attraction between two or more atoms joined together

There are three types of chemical bonds:

• Covalent Bonds
• Ionic Bonds
• Metallic Bonds.

Covalent Bonds

• Two or more atoms share e-
• Between two or more nonmetals
• Compounds called molecular compounds
• Ex: CCl4, H2O

==Molecular Compound Properties==

• Low melting and boiling point
• Softer than ionic compounds
• Not soluble in water
• Doesn't conduct electricity (non-electrolyte)

==Covalent Bonds==

Two or more nonmetals share e-, forming intramolecular bonds resulting in the formation of compounds or molecules.

Bonds:

• Single: 1 e- pair (2 e) shared between two atoms (weakest, longest)
• Double: 2 e- pair (4 e) shared between two atoms
• Triple: 3 e- pairs (6 e) shared between two atoms (strongest, shortest)

Drawing Lewis Structures

1. Find the total number of valence electrons
2. Put the least Electronegative atom in the center (usually, there will only be one!) remember that Hydrogen ALWAYS goes on the outside
3. Put two electrons (one pair) between atoms to form a covalent bond
4. Complete the octets on the outside atoms
5. If central atoms don’t have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.