Hartwell Math Vocabulary

algebraic expression

A mathematical phrase that consists of variables, numbers, and operation symbols.

base

The repeated factor of a number written in exponential form.

coefficient

The number part of a term that contains a variable.

composite number

Whole number greater than 1 with more than 2 factors.

equivalent expressions

Expressions that always have the same value.

exponent

A number showing how many times a base is used as a factor.

factor tree

Shows the prime factorization of a composite number.

greatest common factor (GCF)

The greatest number of two or more whole numbers that is a factor of all the numbers.

least common multiple (LCM)

The least multiple of two or more numbers, not including zero, shared by all of the numbers.

like terms

Terms that have identical variable parts.

numerical expression

A mathematical phrase that consists of numbers and operation symbols.

power

A number expressed using an exponent.

prime factorization

The expression of a composite number as a product of its prime factors.

prime number

A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself.

simplify an algebraic expression

Combine the like terms of the expression.

substitution

To evaluate an algebraic expression, use ____________ to replace the variable with a number.

variable

A letter that represents an unknown value.

evaluate an algebraic expression

To replace each variable with a number, and then follow the order of operations.

Addition Property of Equality

The two sides of an equation stay equal when the same amount is added to both sides of the equation.

dependent variable

A variable whose value changes in response to another variable.

Division Property of Equality

The two sides of an equation stay equal when both sides of the equation are divided by the same non-zero amount.

equation

A mathematical sentence that includes an equals sign to compare two expressions.

independent variable

A variable whose value determines the value of another variable.

inequality

A mathematical sentence that uses <, >, ≠, ≥, or ≤ to compare two quantities.

inverse relationship

Operations that undo each other.

Multiplication Property of Equality

The two sides of an equation stay equal when both sides of the equation are multiplied by the same amount.

solution of an equation

Value of the variable that makes the equation true.

Subtraction Property of Equality

The two sides of an equation stay equal when the same amount is subtracted from both sides of the equation.

constant speed

The speed stays the same over time.

conversion factor

A rate that equals 1.

dimensional analysis

A method to convert measures by including measurement units when multiplying by a conversion factor.

equivalent ratios

Ratios that express the same relationship.

rate

A ratio involving two quantities measured in different units.

ratio

A relationship in which for every x units of one quantity there are y units of another quantity.

term

A number, a variable, or the product of a number and one or more variables.

unit price

A unit rate that gives the price of one item.

unit rate

The rate for one unit of a given quantity.

percent

A ratio that compares a number to 100.

base of a parallelogram

Any side of the parallelogram.

edge of a 3D figure

A segment formed by the intersection of two faces.

face of a 3D figure

A flat surface shaped like a polygon.

kite

A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides that are equal in length.

net

A 2D pattern that you can fold to form a 3D figure. It shows all of the surfaces of that figure in one view.

polyhedron

A 3D figure made of flat polygon-shaped surfaces called faces.

vertex of a polygon

Any point where two sides of a polygon meet.

base of a prism

One of a pair of parallel polygonal faces that are the same size and shape. A prism is named for the shape of this.

base of a triangle

Any side of the triangle perpendicular to the height.

vertex of a 3D figure

A point where three or more edges meet.

absolute value

Positive distance between a number and zero.

box plot

A statistical graph showing the distribution of a data set by marking five boundary points where data occur along a number line. Does not show frequency.

data distribution

How the data values are arranged. To describe, you evaluate its measure of center and variability, and its overall shape.

frequency table

Shows the number of times a data value or values occur in the data set.

histogram

A statistical graph that shows the shape of a data set with vertical bars above intervals of values on a number line. The intervals are equal in size and do not overlap. The height of each bar shows the frequency of data within that interval.

interquartile range (IQR)

A measure of variability. The distance between the first and third quartiles of the data set. It represents the spread of the middle 50% of the data values.

mean

A measure of center. Sum the data values and then divide by the number of values in the data set.

mean absolute deviation (MAD)

A measure of variability that describes how much the data values are spread out, on average, from the mean of a data set.

median

A measure of center. For an odd number of data values, it is the middle value when the data values are arranged in numerical order. For an even number of data values, it is the average of the two middle values when the data values are arranged in numerical order.

mode

The item, or items, in a data set that occurs most frequently. A measure of center.

outlier

A piece of data that does not seem to fit with the rest of the data set.

quartile

They divide the data set into four parts with the same number of data values in each part.

range

Measure of variability. The difference between the greatest and least values in a data set.

statistical question

Question investigating an aspect of the real world.

Can have variety in the responses.

reciprocals

Two numbers whose product is 1. If a nonzero number is named as a fraction, a/b, then its __________ is b/a.

coordinate plane

Formed by a horizontal number line called the x-axis and a vertical number line called the y-axis.

integers

The set of positive whole numbers, their opposites, and 0.

opposites

Two numbers that are the same distance from 0 on a number line, but in different directions.

ordered pair

Identifies the location of a point in the coordinate plane. The x-coordinate shows a point's position left or right of the y-axis. The y-coordinate shows a point's position up or down from the x-axis.

origin

The point of intersection of the x- and y-axes on a coordinate plane.

quadrants

The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into these four regions.

rational number

A number that can be written in the form a/b or -a/b, where a is a whole number and b is a positive whole number. Includes integers.

x-axis

The horizontal number line that, together with the other axis forms the coordinate plane.

y-axis

The vertical number line that, together with the other axis forms the coordinate plane.

product

The result of multiplication.

sum

The result of addition.

difference

The result of subtraction.

quotient

The result of division.

A=bh

Formula for finding area of a parallelogram.

A=1/2bh

Formula for finding the area of a triangle.

V=lwh

Formula for the volume of a right rectangular prism. Also expressed as V=Bh, where "B" is the area of the base.

divisor

A number by which another number is to be divided.

dividend

The number that is being divided.

factor

A number that is multiplied by another number to find a product.

vertical

Up and down.

horizontal

Left and right.

perimeter

The distance around a figure or polygon.

area

The number of square units required to cover a surface.

Order of Operations

1. Evaluate expressions inside grouping symbols.

2. Evaluate all powers.

3. Do all multiplications and/or divisions from left to right.

4. Do all additions and/or subtractions from left to right.

perpendicular

Intersecting at or forming right angles.

Dot Plot

a graphical device that summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis

statistical question