Human Sexuality Test 1

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

African American men face obstacles in seeking and maintaining the jobs necessary to support a family

Identify an example of a positive sexual right

The right of a man to have consensual sex with his same-sex partner

Across cultures, even when extramarital sex is permitted, it is subjected to regulations. Identify the most common patterns of restriction

Extramarital sex is allowed for husbands but not wives

The concept of family honor is particularly important to both

Latin Americans and Asian Americans

Identify a characteristic of racial microaggressions

They are ambiguous and can be a source of stress

Which of the following groups has the lowest incidence of multiple sexual partners?

Asian Americans

____ refers to the notion that people begin to think that what they see on television and in other media really represents the mainstream of what happens in real life in our culture

Cultivation Theory

Which of the following statements holds true for behavior modification?

It is based on the principles of classical or operant conditioning

A(n) ___ is defined as a general knowledge framework that a person has about a particular topic

schema

According to research analyzing waist-to-hip ratios across a large number of cultures, which of the following is true

The 0.70 hip-to-waist is most common in societies where women are economically dependent on men

Which of the following theories that explain sexual phenomena uses the social constructionist perspective?

Feminist theory

According to Freud, the ___ complex is the sexual attraction of a little girl for her father

Electra

Which of the following is true of erogenous zones?

They are areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation

Which of the following is true of social learning theory?

It recognizes the processes of imitation and observational learning

The findings of a research study indicates that cohabiting couples engage in sexual intercouse three times per week. In sexual epidemiology, this refers to the ____ of intercouse in live-in relationships

Frequency

You want to measure the impact of media in some way. You sample several advice columns found in the magazines Playboy and Playgirl and systematically code the various types of questions asked and the types of advice given. In this scenario, you are carrying out a(n) ___

content analysis

Which of the following is a qualitative research method?

ethnography

In order to study the sexual behavior of the people in Mangaia, a researcher lived for many months within the community. He directly recorded their behavior and also conducted several interviews. This method of research is accurately referred to as

the participant-observer technique

Which of the following is a major advantage of direct observation over self-reports?

It is accurate

Which of the following types of research is the best for determining the causes pf physical sexual arousal?

Experiment

Which of the following is true of the frequency of intercouse for married couples?

Most societies have restrictions that forbid intercouse at certain times or in certain situations

Deena, an American Indian, attends a lecture on international relations. The professor talks about the positive impact of the recent meetings between the ambassadors of the United States and developing nations. Deena voices her opinion that such meetings are inconsequential without the discussion of the history between the United States and the developing nations. The professor asks Deena to calm down and ultimately ignores the suggestion, making no changes or clarifications to his message. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario?

racial microaggression

A television network only telecasts sensational stories on the lives of the rich and famous and their sexual exploits. This example best illustrates which of the following?

framing theory

The Victorian Era, from which Freud and Ellis emerged, was characterized by

sexual repression

Avid viewers of TV soap operas may begin to believe that sexual intercouse between unmarried individuals is mainstream because this is the most frequently shown sexual activity on these programs. Which of the following types of media influence is exemplified in this case?

Cultivation

Studies have shown that if rhesus monkeys are reared in isolation, their adult sexual behavior is severely disturbed, to the point where they may be incapable of reproducing. However, if mice are reared in isolation, their adult sexual behavior will nonetheless be normal. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in outcomes?

Environmental influences play a stronger roles in sexuality in higher species than in lower ones

Which of the following is true regarding same-gender sexual behavior?

Same-gender sexual behavior is nearly universal across societies

Which of the following does sociobiology ingnore?

the survival of a group and a species

Sociobiology has been criticized because

it assumes that reproduction is the central function of sex

____ is a process in nature resulting in greater rates of survival of those plants and animals that are adapted to their enviroment

Natural selection

Which of the following is most likely an example of gender-schema-inconsistent information?

A female bouncer

Which of the following is true of how the family as an institution influences sexuality?

It involves teaching children appropriate norms for behavior

In a study, participants were made to wear optical devices that measured the point of their gazes over time. They were shown pictures in order to evaluate which parts of the pictures the participants stared at the most. Which of the following methods is described in this example?

eye-tracking

People who refuse to participate in sex research differ in some ways from those who do participate. This leads to the problem of

volunteer bias

Which of the following statements about qualitative research is true?

Qualitative and quantitative methods can be used together

A 30-year-old man frequents book stores that sell erotic literature. When asked about this in a research study, however, he denies ever having been to one. In sex research, this tendency is defined as

concealment

Which of the following is true of the computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) method?

It can be combined with an audio component

In communications theory, ______Blank is the idea or theory that the media influence our behavior, thoughts, and emotions through processes such as modeling, imitation, and identification.

Social cognitive theory

Which of the following best represents the scholarly definition of racism?

A system of advantage, based on race, that results from an interplay between psychological factors and social/structural factors

Deena refrains from public displays of affection toward her husband, as this would pose a threat to her family name. Which of the following is the core Asian value relevant to sexuality depicted in this example?

Collectivism

In a particular year, news channels extensively reported the high-profile divorce of a celebrity while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the same country. Thus, stories concerning the lives of celebrities were given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property. This example best illustrates which of the following types of media influence or phenomena?

framing theory

__ was the author of Studies in the Psychology of Sex.

Henry Havelock Ellis

Upon what evidence is gender-neutral evolutionary theory based?

mathematical modeling and proofs

The concept ______Blank was coined by Karen Horney to describe men's wishful feelings about women's reproductive capacity.

womb envy

Which of the following is true of sociobiology?

It tries to explain why certain patterns of sexual behavior have evolved in humans.

______ conditioning is the process of changing the frequency of a behavior by following it with positive reinforcement (which will make the behavior more frequent in the future) or punishment (which should make the behavior less frequent in the future).

Operant

According to Freud, a boy shifts to identifying with his father, taking on the father’s gender role and acquiring the characteristics expected of men by society, during the ______Blank stage of psychosexual development.

Phallic

The ______ perspective focuses on how culture shapes and controls our sexual expression.

sociological

Which of the following is most likely an example of gender-schema-consistent information?

a male carpenter

______ is a statistical method that allows a researcher to combine the results of all prior studies on a particular question to see what, taken together, they say.

Meta-analysis

A sex researcher is interested in studying the sexual behavior of all sex offenders between ages 18 and 20 currently serving life sentences in prison in a nearby city. The researcher ultimately manages to study each one of these individuals. In this example, the researcher has gathered data from

the population

The findings of a research study on the sexual habits of adolescents are published in a medical journal along with the names of those who participated in the study. In ethical terms, this study has violated the

principle of protection from harm

Compared to other methods of administering sex surveys, web-based surveys offer the advantage of 

being able to recruit samples of people who engage in taboo sexual behavior.

The computer-assisted self-interview (CASI)

accommodates poor readers through audio components