Periodic Table (The Periodic Table)

Group 1

Alkali metals.

Group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Groups 3-12

transition metals

metalloids

Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

nonmetals

brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Proton

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Electron

A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Periodic table

A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by atomic number.

Element

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

periods

horizontal rows on the periodic table

Chemical groups (families)

vertical columns on the periodic table

metal

Good conductor of heat and electricity. Has luster and high density.

luster, metallic luster

reflecting light;metallic luster, shiny

malleable

physical property of metals; able to be hammered into thin sheets

conductivity

the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object

reactivity

the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds

alkali metals

very reactive, not found alone in nature, potassium and sodium are examples, Group 1 elements

alkaline earth metals

hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples, Group 2 elements

Transition metals

most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold

synthetic elements

not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92

nucleus of an atom

Positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

hydrocarbon

Organic compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen

average atomic mass

The average mass of the isotopes of an element, including their percent abundance.

covalent

Type of bond in which atoms share electrons

valence

Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

ductile

can be made into a wire

Bonding

Process of atoms joining to form molecules or formula units. Electrons are transferred or shared in this process.

alcohol

a type of liquid that is flammable and floats on water

isotope

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Ionization energy

The energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a gaseous atom.

atom

smallest part of a substance that cannot be divided by chemical means.

mass

The measure of matter in a substance. Units grams, kilograms

nonmetal

Brittle, poor conductors, no luster; can be a solid (s), liquid (l) or gas.(g)

ionic bond

Type of bonding where an atom gains or loses electrons to form an ion.(+/-)

metallic bond

type of bonding where electrons are shared around positive metal ions in a "sea of electrons"

atomic radius

The radius of an atom

ionic radius

The radius of an atom. Cations are smaller, anions are larger than their atom

Cation

A positively charged ion, formed by a lost of electrons

Anion

A negativity charged ion, formed by a gain of electrons

Ionic compound

A compound containing cations and anions.

Crystal lattice

A 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal

Covalent molecule

Two or more nonmetallic atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms and can be polar or non-polar.

Halogens Group 17

A group of reactive nonmetals. Group 17

Nobel gases Group 18

Unreactive nonmetals. Atoms of this group have a full set of electrons in their outer level.

Octet rule (rule of 8)

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

melting point

the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

boiling point

the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

chemical change/ reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

physical change

a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

inert

Unreactive, like noble gases

covalent network solids

solids in which the units that make up the three-dimensional network are joined by covalent bonds