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Group 1
Alkali metals.
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
Groups 3-12
transition metals
metalloids
Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
nonmetals
brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity
Proton
Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A neutral subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
Periodic table
A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by atomic number.
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
periods
horizontal rows on the periodic table
Chemical groups (families)
vertical columns on the periodic table
metal
Good conductor of heat and electricity. Has luster and high density.
luster, metallic luster
reflecting light;metallic luster, shiny
malleable
physical property of metals; able to be hammered into thin sheets
conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
reactivity
the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds
alkali metals
very reactive, not found alone in nature, potassium and sodium are examples, Group 1 elements
alkaline earth metals
hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples, Group 2 elements
Transition metals
most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold
synthetic elements
not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92
nucleus of an atom
Positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
hydrocarbon
Organic compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen
average atomic mass
The average mass of the isotopes of an element, including their percent abundance.
covalent
Type of bond in which atoms share electrons
valence
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
ductile
can be made into a wire
Bonding
Process of atoms joining to form molecules or formula units. Electrons are transferred or shared in this process.
alcohol
a type of liquid that is flammable and floats on water
isotope
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Ionization energy
The energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a gaseous atom.
atom
smallest part of a substance that cannot be divided by chemical means.
mass
The measure of matter in a substance. Units grams, kilograms
nonmetal
Brittle, poor conductors, no luster; can be a solid (s), liquid (l) or gas.(g)
ionic bond
Type of bonding where an atom gains or loses electrons to form an ion.(+/-)
metallic bond
type of bonding where electrons are shared around positive metal ions in a "sea of electrons"
atomic radius
The radius of an atom
ionic radius
The radius of an atom. Cations are smaller, anions are larger than their atom
Cation
A positively charged ion, formed by a lost of electrons
Anion
A negativity charged ion, formed by a gain of electrons
Ionic compound
A compound containing cations and anions.
Crystal lattice
A 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal
Covalent molecule
Two or more nonmetallic atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
ionic bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Covalent bond
A covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms and can be polar or non-polar.
Halogens Group 17
A group of reactive nonmetals. Group 17
Nobel gases Group 18
Unreactive nonmetals. Atoms of this group have a full set of electrons in their outer level.
Octet rule (rule of 8)
States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
Electrolyte
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
melting point
the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
boiling point
the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
chemical change/ reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
physical change
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
inert
Unreactive, like noble gases
covalent network solids
solids in which the units that make up the three-dimensional network are joined by covalent bonds
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