Regulatory Motifs and Signal Transduction

one linear pathway signal curve

one linear pathway features

linear, graded, reversible

one loop mass-action kinetics signal curve

one loop mass-action kinetics features

graded to a point

one loop michaelis-menten kinetics signal curve

one loop michaelis menten kinetics features

sigmoidal response, graded, reversible, all or none

one loop michaelis menten kinetics nickname

buzzer

2 linear pathways signal curve

2 linear pathways features

SS response is independent of S

2 linear pathways nickname

sniffer

positive feedback mutual activation signal curve

positive feedback mutual activation features

irreversible, discontinuous, 1-way switch

positive feedback mutual activation examples

development, apoptosis

positive feedback mutual antagonism signal curve

positive feedback mutual antagonism features

discontinuous, 2-way switch

positive feedback mutual antagonism nickname

toggle

positive feedback mutual antagonism examples

excited neuron states, cell cycle transitions

negative feedback oscillator signal curve

negative feedback oscillator features

oscillation between Scrit1 and Scrit2

negative feedback oscillator nicknames

blinker

signal transduction reactions are _ and _

reversible, enzyme-catalyzed

reaction equation for signal transduction

L + R ↔ LR

two component system (TCS) definition

contains sensor and regulator, transfers phosphate groups between substrates without consuming ATP

TCS is found in _

lower organisms

phosphate transfer is also known as

phosphotransfer or phosphorelay

TCS diagram

2 variants of TCS

monofunctional sensor and bifunctional sensor

monofunctional sensor

dephosphorylation of R is independent of S

monofunctional sensor diagram

bifunctional sensor

dephosphorylation of R is enhanced by S

bifunctional sensor diagram

bifunctional TCS can exhibit _

bistability

TCS dose response curve can exhibit _

hysteresis

G-proteins bind _

guanine nucleotides

G-proteins are _

heterotrimeric, 3 distinct subunits

G proteins associate with _

cell surface receptors, GCPRs

G-proteins are found in _

higher organisms

G-protein dynamics

G-protein dose-response curve

the dose curve for ultrasensitivity is _ and _

steeper, more sigmoidal

mapk stands for _

mitogen-activated protein kinase

mapk cascade has _ layers

3

mapk cascade is _

conserved across several species

mapk cascade has been shown to allow _

better signal amplification, reduction in impact of noise, robust transduction of signal

mapk cascade

dynamics of mapk cascade

exhibits nonlinear amplification of input signal with a steeper response for each layer of the cascade

linear

proportional to input signal

graded

positive relationship