History WoD's

Culture

The customs, traditions and arts if a specific group of people

Resources

Natural materials that people consider useful

Subsistence Society

A group of people that depend upon natural resources to provide for their basic needs and nothing more

Sustainability

The idea of using resources in a way that meets the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations

Ancestral

To inherit from a person or people with a shared backround

Resilience

The capacity to recobver quickly from difficulties

Social Hierarchy

A syatem that ranks groups of people as more important or powerful than others; often relate to class, race, religion and gender

Matrilineal

Handing down family names and connnections from the mother’s side

Matriarchal

Power is held mostly by woman

Capitalist Society

A society in which indivisuals buy andf sell goods and services for their own benefit and profit, without interference from the government

Primary Source

A document or physical object that has written or created during a historical time period.

Secondary Source

A source that interperates and explains primary sources, usually sometime after the primary source was written or created

Power

The ability to make decisions that influence or impact others

Resource Systems

The interaction of all activities that produce and distribute resources used in an area

Food Desert

An area where healthy food is difficult to find, especially without access to a car

Enviormental Justice

When a population does not bear a large share of negative results from environmental hazards due to their race, color, origin, or income, instead all people should have equal access to the decision-making process so that they have a healthy environment in which to live, learn and work

NIMBY

“Not in My Backyard” a person who is against a project or initiative when it occurs where they live, but is supportive of it happening elsewhere

Instistution

An established practice or custom

Emancipation

The proccess of being set free; liberation

Industrialization

Change from a farm-based, agricultural syatem to an economic system based on labor in factories and the use of machines

Cottage Industry

A business or manufactoring activity carried on in a person’s home

Labor

Work especially hard, physical work

Slavery Economy

Economic systme built on forced labor

Assembly Line

A series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succesion of identical items is progressively assembled

Sweatshops

A factory or a workshop especially in clothing industry where workers are employed under very poor condtions

Unionization

The proccess of workers joining together in an organized way to protect their rights

Reform

Make changes in (something, typically a social, political or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it

Globalization

A term used to describe the increase in connectdedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies

Minimum Wage

The lowest wage permited by law

Identity

Characteristics about yourself that define you and make you who you are

History

A record or narrative descriptor of past events that are preserved in writing and stories that have been passed down

Dehuminization

The process of treating another person as though they are not a human being

System

A group of parts that connect and work together toward a certain purpose

Agency

A sense of agency refers to the feeling of control over one’s actions and their consequences

Oppression

To oppress people means to treat them crueally or to prevent them from having the same oppurtunities, freedom and benefits as others

Resistence

Fighting back against the people who have attacked or oppressed you

Borough

One of the five political divisions of NYC

Frame of Reference

The ideas, customs,a dn past experiences that shape the way people view the world around them

Prehistory

Events that happened before written records

Repatriation

The return of someone/something to their own country

Palimpsest

A very old document that has been written upon, erased, and reused with traces of the earlier writing still visible

Values

Ideas that a specific group of people hold to be important or sacred

Outsource

The obtain of goods from a forgein supplier or contract work abroad

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another

Emigration

Leaving a country to settle somewhere else

Immigration

Coming to settle in a new country

Push Factors

Reasons for leaving a place or country

Pull Factors

Reasons for coming to a new place or country

Xenophobia

Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries

Cultural Assimilation

Describes what happens when minority cultures are forced to adopt features from a dominant culture in order to fit in. To ensure survival and avoid Discrimination.

Cultural Appropriation

Tthe the *unacknowledged* or inappropriate adoption of the customs, practices, ideas, etc. of one people or society by members of another and typically more dominant people or society.

Jim Crow

Policies and laws that normalized the practice of segregation of Black people in the U.S

Sharecropping

A legal arangement that occured after the civil war where white landowners allowed black tendants to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Thiis system led to continued Black oppresion in the South after the civil war

Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that took place in the 1920s and 1930s in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. It was characterized by a flourishing of African American art, literature, music, and intellectual thought. The movement helped to redefine how African Americans were perceived in society and contributed to the Civil Rights Movement.

white flight

large scale migration of white people from areas becoming more racially or ethnoculturally diverse

Citizenship

the position or states of being a citizen of a particular country and being afforded rights and previleges

Visa

an endorsment on a passport indicating that a holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period of time in a countryGreencard

Greencard

known officially as a permanent resident card, is an identity document which showsthat a person has permanent residency in the U.S. Howevery this does not automatically grant citizenship to the U.S

Visa bulletin

a document that provides an updated waiting list for immigratns that are subject to the quota system

Naturalization

the process for becoming a citizen for someone born outside of the united states

Lawful Permanent Resident

someone who is not a U.S citizen but has the legal right to live permanently in the U.S as a greencard holder

Quota

a limit on the number of immigrants allowed by country

Urban Planning

the process of designing and regulating the use of space to shape the way people live, work, and move within the city

Eminent domain

the forced purchase of private land by the government for important public use; land owners have little say in how much they are paid for their property

Generational Wealth

Financial Assets that are passed down through familiesto children, grandchildren and beyond