biology midterm

DNA is a

nucleic acid

Proteins cannot be made without

Instructions from DNA

Which molecule listed can be burned for quick energy?

Glucose

Best pH for lipase to work

8

Best pH for pepsin to work

1.5,2

Pepsin becomes denatured at what pH

5

Lipase becomes denatured at what pH

12

The bonds that hold it have the most energy, thus being used long-term

lipid

Molecule that makes up our cells membranes

phospholipid

Which macromolecule is made of the most elements

nucleic acid

In the yeast lab, hydrogen peroxide was a substrate, which is also known as a _ in a reaction

reactant

Another name for macromolecule

polymer

Monosaccharides put together build a

Polysaccharide

Another name for an enzyme

catalyst

When an enzyme stops working because of a change in environment, it is called

denaturation

An enzyme is this macromolecule

protein

Enzymes lower this to make reactions happen easier and faster

activation energy

What part of a reaction speeds it up?

enzyme

Polar molecules such as sugars dissolve in water and are said to be

hydrophilic

Nonpolar molecules like oils do not dissolve in water and are said to be

hydrophobic

What word part gives away that a molecule is a sugar

saccharide / -ose

The polysaccharide built from putting glucose molecules together

glycogen

Reaction that builds things; bonds are made

dehydration synthesis

Reaction where things are split and bonds are broken

hydrolysis

Write a dehydration reaction using the words monomer and polymer

monomer + monomer -> polymer

Example of a hydrolysis reaction

lipids -> glycerol + fatty acids

Hibernating animals like polar bears rely on this polymer to stay warm (insulation).

lipids

Enzymes usually end with this suffix

-ase

Another name for protein

polypeptide

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water

Leaves (as a product)

Monomer of a carbohydrate

monosaccharide

Monomer of a lipid

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Monomer of proteins

amino acids

Made of elements C, H, O, N, P

nucleic acids

Glucose, fructose, lactose are examples of

carbs

lactase, amylase, lipase are examples of

enzymes/proteins (end in ase or -en, -in

keratin, collagen, hemoglobin

protein (end in -en and -in)

A macromolecule

carbohydrate

Muscle molecule glycogen is a _ based on the image.

carbohydrate

Cortisol is the body's stress hormone. It's a type of _ based on the image.

lipid

Human sex hormones testosterone and estrogen are _ based on the image.

lipids

Tryptophan, the 'sleepy' hormone, is involved with _ based on the image (hint: the N's!!).

proteins

ATP, the cell's energy molecule, is an example of a _ based on the image (hint: look at letters)

nucleic acid

Monomer of ATP

nucleotide

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water should be on the _ side of the arrow

right

In a hydrolysis reaction, water should be on the _ side of the equation

left

Starch & cellulose, both important molecules in plants, are built with these monomers.

glucose

What does it mean to be denatured

Enzyme loses shape because of a change in pH or temperature and can't make products, thus slowing down or stopping the reaction

Which 2 macromolecules are made of C,H,O only

lipids and carbs

Choose the lipids from the list below

[waxes/triglycerides/oils/cholesterol]

All are examples of fats/lipids

DNA is stranded while RNA is stranded

double, single

Why is an enzyme called a catalyst

It lowers and energy for and speeds up chemical reactions, which is what catalyze means

Burned for energy (short or long term respectively)

carbs and lipids

Organic (made of Carbon)

protein, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

Made of element C,H,O (> 1 answer)

protein, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

Made of monomers

protein, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids

Polymers found in living things

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Choose the macromolecule from the list below:

carbohydrate

Choose the polysaccharides from the list below

starch, glycogen

Which macromolecules rely on dehydration synthesis to build it

all 4

Hydrolysis can break these macromolecules into its monomers

all 4 of them

Starch & cellulose, both important molecules in plants, are built with these monomers

glucose

Parts of a nucleotide monomer

phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base

Since it's made of all the elements we discussed (CHONP), it should also be the heaviest

nucleic acids

Our cells have a plasma membrane to watch what enters and exits. The inside of the plasma

membrane is nonpolar. What macromolecule can easily pass through?

lipid

Observation

Data collected based on using your 5 senses (see, smell, touch, hear, taste)

Inference

A conclusion/explanation made from observations

Give a few observations from the following photo

A Coca-cola can is sitting on a table fizzing. Whatever is coming out of the can is light brown in color

Give an inference from the following picture

A reaction took place in the Cola can, and Someone shook up the can before opening it. The can also made a mess on the table

"Ice floats on water because solid water is lighter than liquid water" is an example of an

Inference

In capillary action, a liquid moves [with/against] gravity without any help

against

This station in your recent properties of water experiment symbolized which property of water

Capillary action (water moves upward against gravity without help)

Beaker A is showing which properties of water

Adhesion (water sticking to glass), cohesion (water moving with itself), capillary action (water moving up the tube without help)

Besides water rising in a tube, what are other examples of capillary action we see everyday

1) Plants taking in water from their roots

2) Paper towels cleaning up spills

3) Athletic shirts pulling sweat from your body

T/F: "All living things are made of cells" is a characteristic of life

True

T/F: Bacteria are not considered living because they're not made of cells

False: because they are a single cell, they're considered living

How are we humans organized as multicellular organisms

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems

Why does it take a while for water to boil

Heat has to break the many hydrogen bonds between the water molecules for them to turn into a gas

Hydrogen bonds are represented by the letter

C

Covalent bonds are represented by the letter

D

Oxygen is represented by the letter

A

Hydrogen is represented by the letter

B

Which bonds break when water is boiled

C (hydrogen bonds)

Which element in water has a partial (-) charge and why

Oxygen has a partial (-) charge because the electrons in the covalent bond are held closer to it. Electrons are negative

Which element in water has a partial positive charge and why

Both hydrogens have a partial positive charge because negative electrons are held closer to oxygen in the covalent bond (letter D)

Choose the option below that is NOT a characteristic of life:

1) Has DNA

2) Needs oxygen

3) Responds to something

2) Needs oxygen

Key word when discussing the characteristic of life 'regulation'

homeostasis (balance)

What does our body try to keep balanced at all times (regulation)

blood pressure, pH, blood sugar, body temperature

If ice is LESS dense than water, then

It weighs less and will float because it isn't heavy enough to break the hydrogen bonds holding water molecules together

If a block of steel is MORE dense than water, then

It weighs more than the water, can break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, and will sink

What were some polar substances you worked with in recent properties of water lab, and how did you know they are polar

Salt, food coloring, glass. They are polar because they either dissolved in water or formed a tight bond with water (glass)

Key term meaning 'likes/attracted to water'

hydrophilic

How is water a polar molecule

It has a positive (hydrogen) and negative (oxygen) end

Who is mainly responsible for water being a polar molecule

Oxygen because it pulls negative electrons closer to it, giving itself a (-) while both hydrogens get a (+)

What property of water relies on hydrogen bonds to form a tight 'barrier' at it's surface

surface tension

Water has a high surface tension thanks to its molecules connecting with each other through

cohesion

What properties of water are being shown in the image

1) Cohesion (water molecules bonding with each other)

2) Adhesion (water molecules interacting with the leaf surface)

3) Surface tension (water molecules held tight together at the surface of the leaf)

Why was the paper clip able to float on water in your lab even though it's heavier than water

When you lay it carefully, you don't break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules at the surface, keeping water's surface tension

Key term meaning 'fears water'

hydrophobic

Key word for the characteristic of life 'requires energy' and its meaning

Metabolism- Using energy to break down & build up materials