Aristotle and Spinoza

The good

end that every art inquiry and action aims at

Health Pleasure and Honor

are subordinate goods

Politics

Science that aims at the highest good

CLAIMED Couldn't have precision in

Ethics

Discusses 3 Ways of Life

Pleasurable Life, Political Life, Contemplative Life

Objected to Plato's form of the good b/c

there are multiple sciences of the good, Good is a meaningless term and good can be spoken of in many ways

Happiness

Activity of the soul in accordance with complete virtue and complete life

Virtue

state of excellence that makes something function well

Mean

virtuous state between excess and deficiency 

Choice

Deliberative desire

Desire

efficient cause of choice

Scientific Knowledge

State of soul that grasps the universal unchanging necessary truths

Art

state of soul that involve true reason concerned with production that could be otherwise

Practical Wisdom

State of soul capable of deliberating about what promotes living well

Intuitive Reason

State of soul that grasps first principles

Philosophical Wisdom

State of soul that combines intuitive reason and scientific knowledge

Claims Complete happiness

results from Contemplation (pg. 31)

Happiness

Result of living and acting well

Pleasure

fulfillment of an action

According to aristotle Ultimate aim of politics

is happiness

Substance

that which is in itself and conceived through itself

Attribute

that which the intellect perceives as constituting the essence of something

Mode

is that which is in something else and is conceived through something else

ONLY ONE SUBSTACE

b/c substances are prior to their attributes and affections and therefore can not be distinguished on the basis of them

Bodies and minds

are modes that express Gods essence when god is considered as an extended thing

Idea

Conception of the mind

Adequate Idea

Idea has in itself all the properties of a true idea

Active States

arise from Adequate ideas

passive states

arise from inadequate ideas

Conatus

The natural tendency of self preservation and activity

Power

capacity for action

The Good

that which we Certainly know to be useful to us

The bad

We certainly know to be an obstacle to some attainment of our good 

Virtue and power

same thing

Pleasure and pain

give us knowledge of good and evil

Increase our power

endeavoring to seek our own advantage and preserve our own being

Greatest Good

knowledge of God 

Argues reason helps manage the emotions by

promoting the emotions of pleasure and Joy

Love and hatred removed

by removing these emotions from the thought of their external causes

Mental contentment can be achieved

through adequate knowledge of god and the essence of things

Mind is free

b/c the mind is eternal

Temperance

virtue of character