Psychology Perspectives and Influential Figures

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from the lecture notes on psychology perspectives, influential figures, statistical measures, and ethical guidelines in research.

Biopsychosocial Approach

A perspective that acknowledges the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior.

Clinical Psychologist

A professional who treats people with psychological distress using therapeutic techniques.

William James

Often called the 'father of American psychology,' he was a proponent of functionalism and consciousness.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories about the unconscious mind.

Mary Whiton Calkins

The first woman to become president of the APA and known for her work in psychology despite not receiving her degree from Harvard.

G. Stanley Hall

The first president of the American Psychological Association and opened the first psychology research lab in the U.S.

Negative Skew

A distribution where most of the data points are clustered to the right, leaving a longer tail on the left.

Positive Skew

A distribution where most of the data points are clustered to the left, resulting in a longer tail on the right.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.

Median

The middle value in a ranked distribution of scores.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Outlier

A data point that is significantly different from the other observations in a dataset.

Ethics in Research

Guidelines to protect participants and ensure sound ethical practices, including informed consent and the right to withdraw.

Wilhelm Wundt

Considered the 'father of psychology' for establishing the first psychological research laboratory in 1879.

Standard Deviation

A statistical measure that indicates the dispersion of scores around the mean.