9th grade biology chapter 9

energy

the ability to do work

True

T/F: Energy comes in many forms:

Light

Heat

Electricity

Chemical energy stored in compounds

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Chemical Energy is stored this way. It is the basic energy source used by all cells, used to store & release energy.

How do cells store energy?

Cells store energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP molecules to make ATP. Energy is stored in ATP. ADP stores more energy.

ADP=Adenosine DIphosphate has 2 phosphate groups.
ATP=Adenosine TRIphosphate has 3 phosphate groups.

A cell releases energy by breaking down the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate groups in ATP. Therefore, ATP can store or release energy from bond formation or breaking.

How does a cell RELEASE energy?

True

T/F: Cells are constantly converting ADP to ATP to form & release energy. ATP-ADP have a constant cycle.

Notecard just to read

ADP = rechargeable battery

ATP = like a fully charged battery.

Constantly forming & breaking phosphate groups to store and release energy.

autotrophs

organisms that make their own food.

heterotrophs

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things. Ex: Cheetah eating an antelope :(

Photosynthesis!!

How do plants capture energy from the sun?

B/c of chlorophyll-plants have chlorophyll which is a light absorbing pigment that absorb light. The color GREEN is reflected in the color of the plant

Why are plant leaves GREEN?

inside CHLOROPLASTS (which contain chlorophyll which causes plants to be green).

Where does photosynthesis take place?

thylakoid

flattened sacs found in chloroplasts

stroma

fluid portion of the chloroplasts, outside the thylakoids.

Reactants: Carbon dioxide CO2 + water H2O -> (LIGHT)

Products: Sugars C6H12O6 + Oxygen O2

*Photosynthesis uses light energy (sunlight) to convert carbon dioxide + water into high energy sugars & oxygen.

Explain the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

1. light dependent reactions- needs light

2. Light Independent reactions-does NOT need light

Name 2 sets of reactions that take place in photosynthesis?

Light dependent reaction

a type of reaction in photosynthesis that NEEDS light. They require light & light absorbing pigments, occur in thylakoids. Water H2O splits producing oxygen O2

Light-INdependent reactions

a type of reaction in photosynthesis that does NOT need light.

ATP is used to produce sugars from Carbon dioxide. This takes place in the stroma. CO2 is used to make sugars.

True

T/F: Light dependent and Light-Independent reactions happen independent of each other.

1. Temperature-best between 32-95 degrees F. If outside this range, it can affect rate of photosynthesis.

2. Light-high intensity light increase the rate of photosynthesis

3. Water-Less water slows down photosynthesis.

What are some factors that affect Photosynthesis?