unit 2 aphg vocab

What is the demographic transition model (DTM)?

A model that describes the transition of a country from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops.

What does carrying capacity refer to?

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely without degrading the environment.

What is the crude birth rate?

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.

What is the crude death rate?

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.

What is demographic momentum?

The tendency for a population to continue to grow even after fertility rates have declined, due to a large base of young people.

What is the dependency ratio?

The ratio of the number of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population (ages 15-64).

What is the difference between a developed country (MDC) and a developing country (LDC)?

MDCs have higher income, advanced technological infrastructure, and better living standards, while LDCs have lower income and less industrialization.

What is the total fertility rate (TFR)?

The average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime based on current birth rates.

What is the infant mortality rate?

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.

What is the life expectancy?

The average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates.

What is a pronatalist policy?

A policy that encourages higher birth rates, often through incentives for families to have more children.

What is a push factor in migration?

A negative aspect or condition that motivates individuals to leave their current location.

What is a pull factor in migration?

A positive aspect or condition that attracts individuals to a new location.

What is Ravenstein's Laws of Migration?

A set of principles that describe the patterns and trends of migration, including the tendency for migrants to move short distances and for large cities to attract migrants.

What is the difference between voluntary and forced migration?

Voluntary migration occurs when individuals choose to move, while forced migration happens due to external pressures such as conflict or natural disasters.

What is the concept of brain drain?

The emigration of highly trained or qualified individuals from one country to another, often for better opportunities.

What is the significance of John Snow in the context of epidemiology?

John Snow is known as the father of modern epidemiology for his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London.