Neuro Exam 2

Why is the norm for two point discrimination different between the hand and the back?

There is greater receptive field density in the hand then the back

Which of the following factors contribute to cortical level antinociception in the human body

Distraction

Considering the sensory pathway that carries pain sensation from the arm, which statement describes how the information from the right elbow travels into the central nervous system

Pain signals enter through the right dorsal horn, synapsing in lamina I, II, and V then cross the spinal cord and ascend ventrally to the thalamus

You are testing a patient to determine if she can describe whether her right wrist is bent or straight. You ask her to close her eyes while you passively move her wrist and ask for her response. Integrity of which nervous system structure is important for her response to be successful?

The right fasciculus cuneatus

The fibers that carry discriminative touch info to the cortex decussate (cross midline) at which level of the CNS

Medulla

Place the following nerve fibers in order of slowest transmission to fastest transmission of info to the nervous system: Large myelinated Ia fibers, large myelinated A alpha fibers, small, unmyelinated C fibers, Small, myelinated A delta fibers

C, A delta, A alpha, Ia

Damage to the right internal capsule will result in which of the following motor presentations

Left side paresis

Acetylcholine receptor subtypes include

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

The group Ia axon conveys

quick stretch info from the muscle spindle

The third order neuron in the fast pain pathway from the face begins in which area (nucleus) of the thalamus

Ventral posteromedial

A neurotransmitter involved with inhibiting pain transmission from the body is

Enkephalin

Which of the following types of pathological neural activity is NOT characteristically painful or unpleasant

Paresthesia

Which of the following aids in control of pain at the level of the dorsal horn

TENS

If a patient presents with a focal lesion of the left postcentral gyrus, the sensory presentation will be

Loss of light touch and fast pain on the right side of the body

If a patient presents with a hemisection of the left side of the spinal cord at the level of T9 the sensory presentation will be

loss of pain in the right leg, loss of proprioception in the left leg

What tract responds to gravity to facilitate lower motor neurons to extensors while inhibiting lower motor neurons to flexors to aid in posture

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

When assessing your patient you note low tone, hyporeflexia and significant atrophy of the right quad muscle. Which pathology might you suspect

Right L3 spinal nerve injury

An injury to the right lateral corticospinal tract at T4 ill cause which of the following presentations

Loss of right LE fractionated movement with some intact right LE gross movement

You suspect that your patient has an UMN injury after detecting which of the following

spasticity

Damage to the nucleus gracilis would result in which of the following impairments

loss of lower extremity conscious proprioception

You note during your evaluation that your patient has crossed analgesia to the right face and left body and suspect that its caused by a lesion to the

Medulla or lower pons

If a patient has a lesion of the DCML tract but the ALS is intact, which of the following would they lose

Discriminative touch

Activity of the medial pain system elicits which of the following types of responses

Affective/Emotional

A lesion to the posterior spinocerebellar tract would disrupt unconscious proprioceptive info form which of the following

Legs and lower half of the body

If a person is sitting with their legs crossed for too long, sensory loss may eventually occur. In what order will this loss occur from first to last

Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch - cold - fast pain - heat -slow pain

Continuous prolonged immobilization of skeletal muscle in a shortened position results in which of the following

Contracture from loss of sarcomeres

Reciprocal inhibition produces inhibition of the alpha motor neuron to which of the following

Antagonist muscle

Which of the following involuntary muscle contractions is always considered to be indicative of a pathology

Fibrillations

In the autonomic nervous system the ___________ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the insides of the body

Hypothalamus

Norepinephrine is the transmitter released by most

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

A person experienced increased sympathetic activity will have which of the following symptoms

Decreased digestion

Which type of receptors in the autonomic nervous system are important in signaling the need for higher oxygen concentration in the blood

chemoreceptors

Your patient has sustained an axonopathy to the left medial nerve and ask you how long it will take to get back her strength. Testing shows that her injury is approximately 3 cm how long will it take to recover

1 month

Which of the following is true about Wallerian degeneration

Anterograde destruction of the distal axon occur

Which of the following PNS injuries is most commonly associated with trauma

Mononeuropathy

The end of the spinal cord which is situated near the L1-L2 vertebrae is called

Conus medullaris

A fracture and lateral displacement of the L4 vertebrae would potentially cause a ______ injury

LMN

An injury to the anterior ramus in the lower cervical region would cause

Impaired sensory and motor function to the trunk and arms

Which of the following peripheral nerves is part of the sacral plexus

Pudendal

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a single axon is called the

Endoneurium

An 18 year old boy is brought to the emergency room after wrecking on his dirt bike. The ER doctor suspects a skull fracture and possible hemorrhage. Best way to confirm this is?

CT scan

An individual is admitted to the hospital to further investigate a recently discovered brain tumor. To determine the metabolic rate of the mass a study is ordered, during which radioisotope is injected into the patients bloodstream

PET Scan

Which of the following is true about the attributes of EEG

No spatial resolution but good temporal resolution

What is the primary limitation of angiography

the patient cannot be allergic to iodine

The colorful imaged produced by DTI represent

the direction of axon bundles with similar functions

__________ can be used to map brain function, manipulate brain activity or provide treatment for depression

TMS

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a functional imaging modality

MRA

Which if the following tests does NOT expose a patient to radiation

MRI

Which of the following tests has the drawback that it is invasive

SPECT

Functional MRI (fMRI) measures and maps brain activity in response to a specific stimulus by detecting

Changes in cerebral oxidation