Evolution of Democracy South Africa Multiple Choice Test

Black Consciousness Movement

Goal - encourage black friendship and pride

To combat apartheid and promote self-reliance among black South Africans

United Democratic Front

A coalition formed to oppose apartheid, promoting unity among various anti-apartheid groups + fostering democratic ideals in South Africa.

Why did it form - To protest the Tricameral Parliament

NP- what will most undermine efforts to maintain apartheid? (loans, sanctions)

Loss of loans from the US, economic boycotts, and global sanctions (penalties)

Against the South African government that led to increased pressure for reform

Role of Cold War in ending apartheid

Once the Cold War ends, nations can no longer ignore others which violate human rights even though they aren’t communist

Why did apartheid end when it did

National Party undermined efforts to maintain apartheid

The cold war’s role in apartheid - ex. The Soviet Union and Cuba provided military and material aid to liberation groups like the ANC

Significance of de Klerk in ending apartheid

National Party President

February 1990→ unbanning of ANC and release of Mandela 

Record of Understanding- purpose, Violence Monitoring committees

Government of National Unity(any party with 5% or more of popular vote in the 1994 election is represented in GNU).

Violent Monitoring Committee → Report/investigate potential acts of political violence and promote peaceful resolution of conflicts.

Third Force

National Party secret operation to delay negotiations by targeting ANC 

Chris Hani

MK/ANC, assassinated, could have led to civil war without Mandela’s peace keeping initiatives

Inkatha, role in delaying negotiations

Homeland Independence(doesn’t get), IFP (Inkatha freedom party) on ballot, and Political Balance

Outcome of 94 election

60% of vote Mandela

Why the rise of right wing groups?

National Party, De Klerk seen as favoring, catering to the black majority

Position of the ANC after unbanning

ANC is a legit player in negotiations

Government of National unity

formation- National Party, Inkatha, ANC, and IFP

96 Constitution

proportional representation, Allows for diverse representation, % of votes for party = % of seats in the legislature

Constitutional court judicial review, earliest rulings

Judicial Review, court power to determine what is constitutional. Ruling→ government must provide healthcare to pregnant women with HIV

Why a new flag and symbols?

A new flag and symbols were created to reflect the post-apartheid identity of South Africa, promote unity, and symbolize the country's diverse cultures and democratic values

Challenges with nation building

2 nations(black and white)

TRC- mission and criticism

Pardon for testifying, healing for those who were affected, and no real punishment

(no distinction between pro apartheid and anti-apartheid violence)

PAGAD < purpose

Local township dwellers combatting gang violence

Challenges of xenophobia

Migrant workers were taking jobs from natives

Land reform challenges

limited funds, whites unwilling to sell

% of land owned by whites

87%

Landless People’s Project, goal and legacy

Redistribute land and help farm workers. Connected SA to global arena regarding land reform

ANC 3 pillars of land reform

Restitution, redistribution, and farmer reform

(question is which is not a pillar)

RDP- aim, challenge

Goal is to increase housing, electricity, sanitation, etc.

Unrealistic goals and lack of funding (living)

GEAR- major difference between RDP, goal and impact

Economic improvement, boost industry, provide jobs

Labor Relations Act, major limit

did not apply to all workers.

Ex. Farmers and domestic workers

Basic Conditions of Unemployment Act

hours wages and conditions

NEDLAC- Purpose

coordinate policy between business and labor

Major limitation to post 94 labor reform

was the exclusion of certain groups, which undermined universal labor rights.

Social Welfare challenges

Lack of funding

Challenges in Schools, reform, biggest challenge, language

Most students did not learn English, diverse tribal languages. Enrollment increases, but minimal gains in quality of Education

Equal Education Org- Goal

to improve school buildings

Thabo Mbeki, HIV/AIDS denialism

Mbeki denied a link between the 2, result in lack of healthcare services

Women

More opportunities for jobs, poor healthcare, and rape/domestic violence

Treatment Action Campaign

Grassroots efforts to ensure better healthcare for those with HIV. TAC v Minister of Health

Tricameral Parliament

composition, criticism,  impact- Indian, Colored, and White. Exclusion of Majority(natives). Leads to political violence

UDF, composition, purpose

Movement in response to Tricameral Parliament. Collection of church groups, civil groups, strikes, protests to enact change 

COSATU- goal

Linked to the apartheid movement

MDM (mass democratic movement) - composition, impact

Collection of church groups, civil groups, strikes, protests to enact change. Efforts lead to the release of Mandela

CODESA I- overall purpose and challenges to negotiations

Intended to shape the new democracy in SA. Delayed by political violence

constitution

who drafted it?

Expansive nature of Bill of Rights

structure of gov

The people.

The Bill of Rights includes environmental rights, socioeconomic rights.

Decentralized government(National, state, and local)