Chemistry Unit 3: Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, and Models

What are the three subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What is the charge, mass, and location of protons?

Protons have a positive charge, a mass of approximately 1 amu, and are located in the nucleus.

What is the charge, mass, and location of neutrons?

Neutrons have no charge, a mass of approximately 1 amu, and are located in the nucleus.

What is the charge, mass, and location of electrons?

Electrons have a negative charge, a negligible mass, and are located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

What is the atomic number?

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

What is the mass number?

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

What is the difference between ions and isotopes?

Ions are atoms with a charge due to loss or gain of electrons, while isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Who is known for creating the periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev.

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

Groups or families.

What are valence electrons?

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

What are the classifications of elements in the periodic table?

Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

What is the significance of the Gold Foil Experiment?

It led to the discovery of the nucleus and demonstrated that atoms are mostly empty space.

What was the problem with Rutherford's atomic model?

It could not explain the stability of atoms or the arrangement of electrons.

What is the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom?

It describes electrons as existing in probability clouds rather than fixed orbits.

What are the seven diatomic elements?

Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Fluorine (F2), Chlorine (Cl2), Bromine (Br2), and Iodine (I2).

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

What are the most reactive metals?

The most reactive metals are alkali metals.

What are the most reactive nonmetals?

The most reactive nonmetals are halogens.

What is the expected outcome of the Gold Foil Experiment?

It was expected that alpha particles would pass through the foil with minimal deflection, but some were deflected at large angles.

What did Dalton's atomic theory state?

1. All matter is made of atoms. 2. Atoms are indivisible. 3. Atoms of the same element are identical. 4. Atoms can combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds. 5. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms.

Are all elements found in nature?

False; some elements are synthetic and do not occur naturally.