Unit 4 AP World History

Transoceanic Interconnections

Cartography

the science and art of map-making, involving the representation of geographical information.

Primogenture Laws

legal principles determining inheritance, favoring the firstborn son.

• Demographic pressure which pushed Europeans into exploration and trade

Omani-European Rivalry

the competition between Omani traders and the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean region, driven by trade ambitions and territorial interests.

Maritime Empires

global empires primarily built on maritime trade and naval power, characterized by overseas colonies and trade networks.

Astrononomical Chart

A map used for navigation, detailing the positions of stars and planets to aid in maritime exploration.

Three Types of Ships

• Carrack

• Caravel

• Fluyt

Christopher Colombus

Discovered the Americas

Reasons for Conquests

• New wealth through tax collection, trading opportunities, and material wealth (silver).

• Religion and the spread of Christianity

Mercantilism

An economic theory emphasizing the accumulation of wealth and resources, especially silver.

Prince Henry the Navigator

First European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa, aiming to improve navigation and spread Christianity.

Bartholomew Diaz

Sailed around the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)

Vasco Da Gama

First European to reach India by sea, establishing a direct trade route and establishing a Portuguese port.

Trading post empire

A network of colonial outposts established by European powers such as the Portuguese, primarily for trade and economic control, rather than territorial conquest.

Ferdinand Magellan

Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, proving the world's roundness and finding a westward route to the Spice Islands.

Manila

A key port city in the Philippines, established as a major trading hub by Spanish colonizers, facilitating trade between Asia and the Americas.

Galleons

• Large sailing ships used by Spain

• Made stops in the Philippines, where Europeans exchanged silver for luxury goods

Northwest passage

A route around North America that would lead to East Asia.

Jacque Cartier

A French explorer known for his voyages to Canada in the 16th century, claiming territories for France and searching for the Northwest Passage.

Samuel de Champlain

A French explorer and founder of Quebec, known for his extensive mapping of Canada and his efforts to establish French colonies in North America.

Quebec

A city in Canada founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608, rich in furs and other natural resources.

New France

A French colony in North America established in the early 17th century, encompassing parts of Canada and the United States, known for its fur trade and cultural influence.

John Cabot

Explorer sent by the English king to find a northwest passage

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607, known for its tobacco cultivation.

Henry Hudson

Sent by the Dutch

• Sailed up what became the Hudson River

New Amsterdam

The first Dutch settlement in North America, established in 1624, which later became New York City.