Chem 5.1-5.4

Proton’s relative charge, relative mass, location in atom

1+, 1 amu, inside the nucleus

Neutron’s relative charge, relative mass, and location in atom

0, 1 amu, inside the nucleus

Electron’s relative charge, relative mass, location in atom

1-, 0 amu, outside the nucleus

“Matter is composed of _____________.“

“Matter is composed of tiny particles.”

LEUCIPPOS AND DEMOCRITUS

Greek philosopher and his student (respectively)

What did Leucippos and Democritus say

if a sample of solid matter (ex. gold) was cut into smaller and smaller pieces, it would eventually become a particle too small to cut

What did Democritus call the smallest particles of matter

“atomos” (greek for “uncuttable”)

What idea replaced Leucippo’s and Democritus’ idea and what was it

“All types of matter are made up of the 4 basic elements.” by Aristotle

Was Aristotle’s idea right or wrong

wrong because he believed all matter was made up of different proportions of the 4 elements

Who is Robert Boyle

He was the first real scientist who’s ideas replace Aristotle’s

What did Robert Boyle do

insisted on experimentation and was the first person to perform and publish the results of true quantitative experiments

Why were Boyle’s experiments important

they convinced him that Aristotle’s 4-element ideas were wrong, Provided an experimental definition for an element as being an “unmingled body”

what book did Boyle publish and what did it include

Published the book “Sceptical Chymist” in 1661, in which he outlined the scientific method

Who is John Dalton

english school teacher who Published the book “A New System of Chemical Philosophy” in which he presented his atomic theory

he also used laws regarding compound composition and chemical reactions to propose a theory about matter that had already been proposed by Leucippos and Democritus

what are the 4 main points of Daltons atomic theory

1. All matter is composed of super small particles (“atoms”), which can’t be broken into smaller pieces, created, or destroyed

   • Atoms can be broken down into subatomic particles and can be created/destroyed in nuclear reactions

2. Atoms of any given element are all identical to each other and diff from the atoms of other elements

   • Atoms of the same element are not all identical (Isotopes exist with different masses)❌

   • Atoms of different elements are different ✅

3. Atoms of diff elements combine in specific ratios to form compounds

4. In a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, rearranged, and recombined to form new compounds

who was William Crookes

conducted an experiment with a cathode to con