Studied by 2 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Subsistance Agriculture
(Smallest scale) Someone who grows just enough food for themselves and their family. Can also mean growing food for the economy.
Small-scale Agriculture
A slightly larger farm that may have the space to grow food to feed the family and the community, and to trade or sell within the region. Local consumption.
Industrial Agriculture
Operates on a much larger scale and most of the food is produced for exporting around the country or world. Most of the food is meant to be exported outside of the community. Independent farms and Agri-businesses.
Polyculture (Form of Intercropping)
The practice of growing more than one crop species together in the same place at the same time
example: Raised beds featuring rice and fish can be found across Southeast Asia. The fish droppings provide fertilizer for the rice, and if ducks are present, they might eat the weeds that try to grow with rice, and they and their eggs can also provide protein as food for the community.
Intercropping
Multiple crops are grown on the same field at the same time
Monoculture
One crop is grown on a plot of land (more efficient to harvest)
Terraces
Example: Terraces capture runoff water from the mountains, and are able to create ideal environments for rice that have been carefully maintained for 2,000 years.
Benefits: They recycle nutrients from within their immediate surroundings instead of humans adding them. They’re low-input agriculture and often have both rice and fish (making them polyculture)
Ring 1
Dairy and Commerical Gardening
Why: easily perishable goods need to be close to the city center
Ring 2
Forest (building material/fuel)
Why: heavy
Ring 3
Extensive crops (grain)
Why: Not as heavy as wood, can be stored for longer periods of time
Ring 4
Livestock
Why: needs a lot of land, perishable once slaughtered, but animals can transport themselves
Low-input agriculture
Recycles nutrients from within their immediate surroundings instead of humans adding them
High-input agriculture
Requires a lot of commercially developed seeds or synthetic fertilizers and herbicides
Intensive Agriculture
Uses a lot of labor and resources compared to the amount of land it occupies.
Examples: Rice, dairy, slash/burn, urban gardening, pastoralism
Extensive Agriculture:
system of crop cultivation using small amounts of labour and capital in relation to area of land being farmed. The crop yield in extensive agriculture depends primarily on the natural fertility of the soil, the terrain, the climate, and the availability of water.
Ex: Ranching
Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Commercial Agriculture
Examples: Ranching, gardening, wheat, agribusiness, fish farms, wild caught, corn, CAFO
Mediterranean Agriculture
Where: Mediterranean, California, and parts of Chile, Australia, and South Africa,
consists of diverse specialty crops such as grapes, olives, nuts, fruits, and vegetables
Climate: mild winters with a defined rainy season and hot, dry summers
Plantation Agriculture
Plantation agriculture is a type of large-scale, monoculture farming that involves the cultivation of a single crop, typically a tropical export crop such as coffee, cocoa, or bananas, on a large piece of land.
Slash/Burn Agriculture
involves burning a portion of forest so that the soil there can be used for agricultural purposes. The community then uses this land for a short time, possibly a few years, and then moves on to a new area, which is, in turn, burned for agricultural use.
Where: (equatorial region) South and Central America, and Southeast Asia.
Neolithic Revolution: First Agricultural Revolution
Hunting and gathering to the invention of agriculture and domestication of animals and plants
Industrial Revolution: Second Revolution
shift from subsistance to commercial agriculture with the use of technology
Green Revolution: Third Revolution
utilizes plant genetics, modern irrigation systems, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase food production and reduce poverty and hunger in developing countries.
Transhumance
Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Fertile crescent
wheat
Agricultural Hearths
Agricultural hearths are areas from where the origins of agricultural ideas and innovation began and spread. Agricultural hearths were also areas where the earliest urban civilizations developed. Original agricultural hearths include the Fertile Crescent, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Mesoamerica.
Organic Farming
practices that avoid synthetic pesticides and fertilizers
Nomadic Herding
the seasonal movement of livestock along routes to regions with available grazing land and water sources. This occurs in dry arid regions where growing crops is not possible or inefficient such as the Sahara, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
Arable Farming
Growing crops in fields, which have usually been ploughed before planting.
Carrying Capacity
the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of that area. This number can be affected by access to food, water, shelter, and other significant factors.
Neo-Malthusian Theory:
Thinking low-income places were to blame for large population numbers that would stress food sources, rather than our agricultural systems being able to adapt.
Green Revolution (wheat, corn, rice)
makes up half of the world’s calories
Water usage
0.3% of water on Earth is freshwater that we can drink, food production uses 70-80% of that.
Note
Flashcard