CHAPTER 9: Motivation Theories

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Motivators = satisfaction (achievement, growth). Hygiene = prevents dissatisfaction (pay, policy).

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-Actualization.

Self-Determination Theory

Motivation grows when people feel autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

McClelland's Theory of Needs

Focus on Achievement, Power, and Affiliation — everyone values one more.

Internal vs. External motivation

Internal: Do it for passion. External: Do it for reward or pressure.

Reinforcement theory

Behavior is shaped by consequences (rewards or punishments).

Goal-setting theory

Specific, challenging goals boost performance if feedback exists.

Expectancy theory

Effort → Performance → Reward (E-P-R chain).

Self-efficacy

Belief in your ability to perform a task successfully.

Equity theory

Motivation comes from perceived fairness compared to others.

Organizational justice

Overall fairness in pay, policies, and treatment.

Impact of a manager setting employee goals

Clarifies direction, increases motivation, but goals must be realistic and clear.