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What are the parts of the cell membrane?
phospholipid bilayer, protein, transport protein, phospholipid, cholesterol, charbohydrate
What does the cell membrane do?
it regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support to the cell
Phospholipids
structural components of membranes
Transport proteins
form channels and pumps to help move materials across the membrane
Receptor proteins
recognize and bind to substances at the cell surface
fluid mosaic
because of constant movement in the bilayer, the pattern of the lipids and proteins is constantly changing
Homeostasis
cells maintain a stable internal environment, even when the external environment is constantly changing
Permeability of the Membrane
lets some substances pass through more readily than others and some materials are not allowed to enter at all. It can control the speed at which molecules are allowed to enter
the Concentration Gradient
in the absence of other forces, materials will tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Osmosis
movement of water across a membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
aquaporin
membrane protein that acts as a channel to move water across the cell membrane
isotonic solution
the concentration of solutes outside and inside the cell are equal. the concentration of water is the same on the inside and the outside of the cell.
hypertonic solution
the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Plasmolysis
too much water moves out and the cell collapses
Hypotonic
the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell
Cytolysis
too much water moves into the cell, and the cell membrane ruptures because of the water pressure
facilitated diffusion
type of passive transport used for molecules that donât readily diffuse through membranes
Carrier proteins/transport proteins
help molecules pass through the membrane more easily
active transport
the cell moves materials from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration (requires energy called ATP, moves against concentration gradient)
Endocytosis
a cell takes material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane
two types of endocytosis
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
the engulfing of large food particles
Pinocytosis
the cell surrounds and engulfs droplets of extracellular fluid.
Exocytosis
the cell releases large amounts of material to the outside of the cell.
Passive transport
substance moves from high to low concentration across a cell membrane(doesnât require energy)
types of passive transport
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
types of active transport
endocytosis and exocytosis (or just use a protein)
types of osmosis
isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
turgor pressure
the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall