NURM-102 Nutrition and Diet Exam Review

Minerals

Regulates fluid balance and supports nerves and muscles

3 types of diets

1. Regular

2. Modified consistency

3. Therapeutic

Modified consistency diet examples

• Clear liquid

• Pureed

• Thickened liquid

• Mechanically altered

  • Finely chopped

Therapeutic diet examples

• Carbohydrate consistent

• Fat restricted

• High/low fiber

• Sodium restricted

Carbohydrate consistent diet patient

Diabetic

High fiber diet patient

Constipated

Low fiber diet patient

Diverticulosis or ulcerative colitis

Diverticulosis

Pockets develop in colon lining

Sodium restricted patients

Cardiac or renal diet (dialysis)

Ng tube feeding types

• Bolus

• Intermittent

• Continuous

Bolus ng tube feeding

200-400mL over 15-60 min

NG tube feeding/med rules

• Check tube placement (marking)

• Flush 30mL before and after bolus

• Flush q4/8h for continuous

• 30mL before and after meds and 15mL between meds

NG Tube care

• Observe for s/s of misplacement

  • Resp distress

  • Abdominal distention

  • Gastric aspirate

  • Decreased motility

• Never lay client flat during feedings

• Given mouth care

• Clean nares

Feeding elderly and dysphagia patients

• Go slow

• Have routine

• Give mouth care

• Alternate solids and liquids

• Avoid distractions

• Get a speech therapy and dietary consult

• Assess for signs of aspiration like coughing, voice change, choking

• Small, frequent meals

• No rush

Parenteral nutrition (IV)

• Highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution

• Continuous, for very sick patients