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128 Terms

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Intersection between races

The interaction and overlap of different racial groups, often contributing to economic dynamics.

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Mass migration

The large-scale movement of people from one region to another, often influencing local economies and job markets.

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Economic threats

Feelings of insecurity among local populations regarding job competition and wages due to immigration.

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Predjudice

Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience, often leading to discrimination.

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Coerced labor systems

Labor systems where individuals are forced to work, often in harsh conditions, related to imperialism.

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Push factors

Reasons that compel individuals to leave their home country, such as conflict, poverty, or lack of opportunity.

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Pull factors

Attractive conditions or opportunities that draw individuals to a new location.

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Indentured servitude

A labor system where individuals work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to a new country.

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Culture System

A colonial agricultural policy in Dutch East Indies, forcing local farmers to grow cash crops.

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Opium War

Conflicts between Britain and China over the trade of opium, leading to Chinese concessions to foreign powers.

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Treaty of Nanking

The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain.

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Spheres of influence

Regions where one nation has significant cultural, economic, or political influence over another.

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Plantation systems

Agricultural systems that produce cash crops, usually relying on labor-intensive methods.

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Cash crops

Crops grown primarily for sale and profit, rather than for personal consumption.

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Guano

Bird excrement used as fertilizer, significant in agriculture during the colonial period.

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Rubber barons

Wealthy plantation owners who became powerful in the rubber industry, particularly in Southeast Asia.

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Cecil Rhodes

A British imperialist known for his role in southern Africa and the establishment of the De Beers diamond company.

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Maritime Imperialism

Imperialism driven by naval power and the control of sea routes.

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Monoculture

The agricultural practice of growing a single crop over a wide area, leading to reduced biodiversity.

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Famine

Extreme scarcity of food, often resulting from reliance on cash crops.

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Cattle Killing Movement

A spiritual movement among the Xhosa people in South Africa aimed at driving out British colonizers.

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Boxer Rebellion

An anti-imperialist uprising in China aimed at expelling foreign influence.

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Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan.

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Social Darwinism

A misapplication of Darwin’s theory of evolution to justify racial superiority.

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Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a nation, often leading to independence movements.

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Sepoy Rebellion

An 1857 uprising by Indian soldiers against the British East India Company's rule.

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Indian National Congress

A political party in India founded to advocate for greater Indian participation in government.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement, known for his non-violent protest methods.

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White Man's Burden

A phrase used to justify imperialism as a noble enterprise to civilize non-Western peoples.

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Berlin Conference

The 1884-85 meeting of European powers to establish rules for the colonization of Africa.

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Irish potato famine

A period of mass starvation in Ireland in the mid-19th century caused by potato blight.

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Trans-African Railway

A planned network of railways intended to connect different parts of Africa.

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Economic Imperialism

Control of a country’s economy through foreign interests and businesses.

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Cash-crop dependence

Reliance on cash crops that can lead to economic vulnerability and food shortages.

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Plantation slavery

A system of forced labor on plantations, particularly focused on cash crop agriculture.

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Cultural imperialism

The practice of promoting the culture of one nation over others, often seen in colonization.

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Latin American revolutions

Various independence movements in Latin America during the early 19th century.

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Colonial exploitation

The act of taking advantage of a colony’s resources and people for the benefit of the colonizer.

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Asante Empire

A powerful West African kingdom that resisted British colonization, particularly in the War of the Golden Stool.

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Maori resistance

The struggle of the indigenous Māori people of New Zealand against British colonization.

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Zionist movement

A nationalist movement supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

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Native American assimilations

The process of forcing Native Americans to adopt Western culture and lifestyle.

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Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans from their homeland, leading to suffering and death.

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Phrenology

A pseudoscience that claimed to determine personality traits based on skull shape.

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Economic Factors of Colonialism

Forces driving colonization based on the demand for resources, markets, and labor.

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Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was justified.

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McKinley Tariff

An 1890 US tariff that increased duties on foreign goods, affecting trade policies.

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Anti-imperialism

Opposition to imperialistic policies and practices of dominating foreign nations.

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Legislative measures

Laws enacted to facilitate or regulate immigration and foreign relations.

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Imperial War

Conflicts driven by the desire to expand a nation's empire through territorial acquisition.

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Ethnocentrism

The evaluation of other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture.

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Sino-Japanese War

An 1894-95 conflict between China and Japan for control over Korea.

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Opium Trade

The international trade of opium, particularly between Britain and China, leading to social consequences.

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Merchant Capitalism

An early form of capitalism based on trade and commerce in the 16th to 18th centuries.

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Imperial infrastructures

The physical systems necessary to manage and exploit colonies, such as railroads and telegraphs.

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Self-determination

The principle that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and political status.

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Forced migrations

Movements of peoples where individuals are compelled to leave their accustomed environment.

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Subjugation

The act of bringing a people or nation under control, often through force.

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Cherokee Nation

A Native American tribe with a recognized government that faced forced relocation.

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Colonial Administration

The governing body established to manage and control a colony.

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Rubber plantations,

Agricultural estates focused on producing rubber, often using forced labor.

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Resistance and Rebellion

The actions taken by groups or individuals against perceived oppression or colonization.

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Scientific racism

The use of scientific theories to support racist beliefs and ideologies.

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Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

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Labor exploitation

The act of taking unfair advantage of workers, often through low wages and poor working conditions.

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Agricultural shifts

Changes in farming practices often resulting from colonization, such as the transition from subsistence to cash crops.

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Cultural homogenization

The reduction of cultural diversity through the popularization of a dominant culture.

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Historical materialism

A theory in Marxism that focuses on material conditions as the primary influence on societal progress.

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Globalization

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

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Imperialism

A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

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Colonialism

The practice of directly controlling and settling foreign territories; often associated with exploitation of local resources.

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Cultural Exchange

The process in which different cultures share ideas, customs, and traditions, often leading to mutual benefits.

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Neocolonialism

The practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country, often seen as an extension of traditional colonialism.

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Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; a fundamental principle in international law.

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Protectorate

A state that is controlled and protected by another; often used in contexts of colonial governance.

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Decolonization

The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, often leading to the establishment of sovereign states.

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Trade Balance

The difference in value between a country's imports and exports over a certain period; used as an indicator of economic health.

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Economic Sanctions

Commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted country, group, or individual to influence behavior.

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What is globalization?

The process by which businesses and organizations develop international influence or operations.

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Define imperialism.

A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

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What does colonialism entail?

The practice of directly controlling and settling foreign territories, often exploiting local resources.

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What is cultural exchange?

The process where different cultures share ideas, customs, and traditions, leading to mutual benefits.

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Explain neocolonialism.

The practice of using capitalism and globalization to influence a developing country, viewed as an extension of colonialism.

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Define sovereignty.

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state, a fundamental principle in international law.

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What is a protectorate?

A state controlled and protected by another, often in contexts of colonial governance.

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Describe decolonization.

The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, leading to the establishment of sovereign states.

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What is meant by trade balance?

The difference in value between a country's imports and exports over a specific period, indicating economic health.

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Define economic sanctions.

Commercial and financial penalties applied by countries against targeted nations or individuals to influence behavior.

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What is economic imperialism?

Control of a country’s economy through foreign interests and businesses.

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What are push factors?

Reasons that compel individuals to leave their home country, such as conflict, poverty, or lack of opportunity.

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What are pull factors?

Attractive conditions or opportunities that draw individuals to a new location.

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Define monoculture.

The agricultural practice of growing a single crop over a wide area, leading to reduced biodiversity.

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What is coercive labor?

Labor systems where individuals are forced to work, often in harsh conditions, related to imperialism.

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What does cultural imperialism mean?

The practice of promoting the culture of one nation over others, often seen in colonization.

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Define social Darwinism.

A misapplication of Darwin’s theory of evolution to justify racial superiority.

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What is the significance of cash crops?

Crops grown primarily for sale and profit, rather than for personal consumption.

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Define famine.

Extreme scarcity of food, often resulting from reliance on cash crops.

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What was the Taiping Rebellion?

A massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan.

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Labor exploitation

The act of taking unfair advantage of workers, often through low wages and poor working conditions.

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Resistance and Rebellion

The actions taken by groups or individuals against perceived oppression or colonization.