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Diencephalon
Sensory relay center, controls autonomic functions, linked with limbic system
Epithalamus
Plays role in pain and reward processing, contains pineal gland
Pineal gland
Releases melatonin to maintain circadian rhythm
Thalamus
Sensory and motor relay center between brainstem and cerebral cortex, critical for consciousness, sleep and alertness
Fornix
Separates thalamus from lateral ventricle, associated with limbic system
Hypothalamus
Regulates homeostasis through controlling autonomic function
Subthalamus
Associated with basal ganglia, involved in motor control
Basal Ganglia
Deep brain nuclei in cerebral hemispheres and surrounding thalamus; essential for motor control, cognition, emotion, and motivation
Limbic System
Structures that regulate behaviors such as memory, emotions, homeostatic functions, and motivational states
PCA, ACA, posterior communicating
Blood supply of diencephalon
Brain Stem
Conduit for tracts ascending/descending through CNS, house cranial nerves, location of reflex centers related to vital functions
Mid Brain
Cerebral aqueduct, associated with CN III and IV
Pons
A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain, associated with CN V
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion, associated with CN IX, X, and XII
PCA, Basilar (superior cerebellar a.)
Blood Supply of Midbrain
Basilar (specifically the AICA and the superior cerebellar arteries)
Blood supply of Pons
Vertebral (Anterior and Posterior Spinal A, and PICA)
Blood supply of Medulla Oblongata
Vermis
Connects hemispheres of cerebellum
Cerebellum
Plays role in maintaining balance, coordination, and postural control
PICA, AICA, Superior Cerebellar
Blood supply of cerebellum
Junction of Pons and Medulla
Associated with CN 6-8
CN III, CN IV, CN VI (oculomotor, trochlear, abducent)
CN associated with Ocular palsies
Cervical Vertebra
C1-C7
Thoracic Vertebra
T1-T12
Lumbar Vertebra
L1-L5
Sacrum
Coccyx
Vertebral Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Transverse process
Spinous process
Vertebral Foramen