Ancient Egypt (Social)

kemet

thick, black mud suitable for farming

nile delta (lower egypt) and nile valley (upper egypt)

two kingdoms of egypt

pharoah

highest leader of egypt

vizier

the chief overseer

old, middle, new

three periods

king menes

ruled the two kingdoms from the capital of memphis

old kingdom

age of pyramids

pharoah amenemhet

moved the capital of the city to the city of thebes in the upper kingdom

theban king

expanded the territory of egypt in the middle kingdom period

nile delta

became the center of trade during the middle kingdom period

middle kingdom

egyptian trade flourished outside of the empire

hyksos

who attacked the egyptians in middle kingdom period

chariots and copper weapons

what did the hyksos use to fight the egyptians

king ahmose’s leadership defeated and threw out the hyksos from their land

what marked the beginning of the new kingdom period

egypt was ruled by weak pharoahs and got occupied by nubians, assyrians, persians, and macedonians under alexander the great

what happened after the reign of ramesses III

general ptolemy

appointed himself pharoah after the death of alexander the great, which was the beginning of the ptolemaic period

cleopatra VII

last ruler of before egypt fell to the hands of the roman empire

ahmose I

defeated the hyksos

thutmose I

expanded the territory to euphrates river, first pharoah to build a tomb in the valley of the kings

hatshepsut

first female pharoah

thutmose III

egypt reached its greatest expanse at the time of his reign

amenhotep IV

encouraged egyptians to worship one god, aton, and changed his name to akhenaton

tutankhamun

ruled at the age of 9, his ministers revived the traditional religion of egypt

rameses II

also known as rameses the great

rameses III

last warrior pharoah

hieroglyph

ancient writing system of egyptians only understood by scribes and priests

amun ra

main god

osiris

god of death

isis

goddess of fertility

anemists and polytheists

religion of egyptians

mummification

process of preserving human remains

sarcophagus

vessel of the dead

a calendar of 365 days

what did the egyptians make

sphinx

a large statue with a human head and a lion’s body

valley of the kings

resting place of departed pharoahs of the new kingdom