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kemet
thick, black mud suitable for farming
nile delta (lower egypt) and nile valley (upper egypt)
two kingdoms of egypt
pharoah
highest leader of egypt
vizier
the chief overseer
old, middle, new
three periods
king menes
ruled the two kingdoms from the capital of memphis
old kingdom
age of pyramids
pharoah amenemhet
moved the capital of the city to the city of thebes in the upper kingdom
theban king
expanded the territory of egypt in the middle kingdom period
nile delta
became the center of trade during the middle kingdom period
middle kingdom
egyptian trade flourished outside of the empire
hyksos
who attacked the egyptians in middle kingdom period
chariots and copper weapons
what did the hyksos use to fight the egyptians
king ahmose’s leadership defeated and threw out the hyksos from their land
what marked the beginning of the new kingdom period
egypt was ruled by weak pharoahs and got occupied by nubians, assyrians, persians, and macedonians under alexander the great
what happened after the reign of ramesses III
general ptolemy
appointed himself pharoah after the death of alexander the great, which was the beginning of the ptolemaic period
cleopatra VII
last ruler of before egypt fell to the hands of the roman empire
ahmose I
defeated the hyksos
thutmose I
expanded the territory to euphrates river, first pharoah to build a tomb in the valley of the kings
hatshepsut
first female pharoah
thutmose III
egypt reached its greatest expanse at the time of his reign
amenhotep IV
encouraged egyptians to worship one god, aton, and changed his name to akhenaton
tutankhamun
ruled at the age of 9, his ministers revived the traditional religion of egypt
rameses II
also known as rameses the great
rameses III
last warrior pharoah
hieroglyph
ancient writing system of egyptians only understood by scribes and priests
amun ra
main god
osiris
god of death
isis
goddess of fertility
anemists and polytheists
religion of egyptians
mummification
process of preserving human remains
sarcophagus
vessel of the dead
a calendar of 365 days
what did the egyptians make
sphinx
a large statue with a human head and a lion’s body
valley of the kings
resting place of departed pharoahs of the new kingdom
Note 
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