Government Unit 1 Notes

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress that limit federal government authority, such as coining money and declaring war.

Implied Powers

Powers of the federal government not explicitly listed in the Constitution but derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Reserved Powers

Powers specifically reserved for the states by the 10th Amendment, such as regulating education and conducting elections.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared simultaneously by federal and state governments, like the power to tax and define crimes.

Limited Government

A principle where government powers are restricted by law, ensuring that no single entity has unlimited authority.

Bicameralism

The practice of having two separate chambers in the legislature, which prevents impulsive law-making.

Suspension Clause

A provision that prohibits the federal government from suspending the writ of habeas corpus except in cases of rebellion or invasion.

Habeas Corpus Protection

Legal right allowing individuals to challenge unlawful detention in court, ensuring personal liberty.

Crisis Balancing

A constitutional measure allowing suspension of rights during emergencies to prioritize national security.

Due Process

Legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to individuals, ensuring fair treatment in legal processes.

The Great Compromise

An agreement that established a bicameral legislature to balance representation between large and small states.

Elite Democracy Model

A theory suggesting that a small, wealthy group holds significant power over government actions and decisions.

Super PACs

Political Action Committees that can accept unlimited contributions and engage in independent political advertising.

Regulatory Capture

When regulatory agencies act in favor of the industries they regulate, rather than protecting the public interest.

Federalist No. 10

An essay by James Madison arguing that factions are natural and must be controlled within a large republic.

Hyper-Pluralism

A situation where too many competing groups prevent effective government action, leading to gridlock.

Procedural Due Process

Legal procedures that must be followed to ensure fair legal processes before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property.

Substantive Due Process

Legal doctrine protecting individuals from arbitrary laws that violate fundamental rights.