FBS 31_Mineral Nutrition

Minerals essential for plant growth that are elements that are required or necessary for plants to complete their life cycle.

Essential plant nutrients

Minerals essential for plant growth that are common and limit the growth of plants.

Mineral deficiencies

Minerals essential for plant growth that is the uptake from the soil of mineral elements; specifically, does not refer to photosynthesis

Plant nutrition

Major elements or macronutrients that includes all amino acids

Nitrogen

Macronutrients that is needed for osmotic balance and movement of guard cells in the stomata

Potassium

Macronutrients that controls many enzyme activities

Calcium

Macronutrients that is the component of the middle lamella in plant cell walls

Calcium

Macronutrients that includes phospholipids and nucleoproteins

Phosphorus

Macronutrients that includes chlorophyll and ribosome structure maintenance

Magnesium

Macronutrients that is the constituent of amino acids (cysteine, methionine)

Sulfur

Minor elements or micronutrients that is responsible for chlorophyll synthesis; respiratory enzymes

Iron

Micronutrient that is the water splitting of step of photosynthesis

Chlorine

Micronutrient that is constituent of certain enzymes. Too much of this element is toxic

Copper

Micronutrient that affects availability of Iron

Manganese

Micronutrient that is metal component of enzymes; enzyme cofactor;

Zinc

Micronutrient that is involved in nitrogen reduction

Molybdenum

Micronutrient that is involved in membrane permeability

Boron

• Necrosis of young leaves;

• leaves are shed prematurely;

• internodes of terminal shoots stunted;

• apical meristems may blacken and die;

• roots stunted;

• flower development and seed production impaired; leaves may become twisted.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Boron

• Leaves chlorotic and curled;

• dying back of meristematic tissues of stems and roots;

• poorly developed root system;

• roots may appear gelatinous;

• affects quality of fruits (storage).

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Calcium

• Leaf tips become wilted, then chlorotic, bronzed, and finally necrotic.

What element is deficient in the descriptor above?

Chlorine

• Terminal shoots become wilted and death follows;

• plant pigments may be reduced;

• stem deformity;

• leaf mottling, defoliation.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Copper

• Chlorosis of young leaves;

• chlorosis of shoots usually followed by necrosis;

• severe deficiency may result in total bleaching of leaves with scorching of tips and margins; dieback of shoots.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Iron

• Mottled chlorosis with veins remaining green in leaves;

• leaves may wilt or become brittle and necrotic;

• leaves may also turn red;

• stalks become slender;

• early leaf shedding.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Magnesium

• Chlorosis;

• failure to synthesize proteins;

• marginal chlorosis and resetting of shoots.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Sulfur

• Malformation of leaves;

• chlorosis between major veins (does not occur in very young leaves)

What element is deficient in the descriptor above?

Manganese

• Light yellow chlorosis of leaves;

• blades of leaves may fail to expand

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Molybdenum

• Failure to synthesize normal amount of chlorophyll;

• anthocyanins may appear in veins;

• shoots are short and thin;

• decreased fruit set,

• poorly developed fruit buds,

• small and early maturing fruits.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Nitrogen

• Leaves dark blue-green to purple;

• severe stunting of young plants;

• anthocyanins may accumulate in veins;

• stems slender.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Phosphorus

• Chlorosis and necrosis of leaf margins on older leaves first;

• marginal scorching;

• wrinkling between veins;

• premature leaf shedding.

What element is deficient in the descriptors above?

Potassium

Factor affecting absorption where as you increase this, absorption increases but it reaches a threshold where it then declines.

Temperature

Factor affecting absorption that affects availability of ions.

pH

Factor affecting absorption that affects movement of stomata affecting photosynthesis.

Light

Factor affecting absorption where reduction in respiration means reduction of ion absorption

O2 in soil

Factor affecting absorption that has to do with other ions

Presence of other ions in soil solution