BIO 218 Diseases of Erythrocytes

Plasma

Contains water electrolytes and proteins, liquid portion of blood

Serum

Plasma minus clotting factors

Formed elements

RBC WBC and platelets

Hematocrit

concentration of RBC in the blood, measures how well blood can carry oxygen

Centrifuged blood

Plasma 55%, Buffy coat (WBC and platelets), RBC 45%

Hematopoiesis

Formation of blood cells, starts in bone marrow and regulated by hormones

Myeloid

bone marrow

Lymphoid

Lymphatic tissues

erythrocyte

RBC

Reticulocyte

Immature RBC

Polycythemia

Abnormally high hematocrit

Artificial polycythemia

Due to blood doing, danger is thick blood which may cause strokes

Polycythemia Vera

Bone marrow problem that overproduces RBCs, solution is to donate blood

anemia

Lack of oxygen delivery through the blood

Anemia of chronic disease

Due to chronic inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, defect in erythropoiesis

Aplastic anemia

Bone marrow fails to produce enough new blood cells and platelets

Folic acid deficiency anemia

Due to lack of fruits and vegetables, Chron’s, pregnant, alcohol abuse, and kidney disease

Hemolytic anemia

Accelerated destruction of RBC, produces increased serum levels of bilirubin, causes jaundice in tissues urine and feces

Hypoxic anemia

Low levels of oxygen in the tissues, sometimes due to thin air and high altitude

Iron-deficiency anemia

Most common type, sometimes due to menstruation, or GIB and cells look bright orange

Pernicious anemia

Due to deficiency of B12 or protein intrinsic factor that absorbs B12, causes immature RBC to rupture easily

Sickle-cell anemia

Hereditary condition that causes blockages in arterioles and capillaries due to malformation of the RBC, more fragile leading to hemolysis

Thalassemia

Hereditary condition, deficient synthesis of protein chains required for hemoglobin molecule, may cause bone marrow hyperactivity, enlargement of the spleen, growth retardation, and bone deformities