Heart LE Samplex

Considered as an entity of cardiovascular dysfunction, EXCEPT:
A. Arrhythmia
B. Increased blood volume
C. Stenosis
D. Regurgitation

Increased blood volume

This would more or less indicate a grossly normal heart:
A. LV – 3.0 cm thick
B. RV – 1.0 cm thick
C. 300 gm weight for female
D. Banana-shaped left ventricular cavity

300 gm weight for female

Associated with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy:
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Increased myocyte number
C. Decreased mitochondria
D. Increased mitosis

Hyperthyroidism

Commonly involved in left-sided heart failure, EXCEPT:
A. Liver
B. Brain
C. Kidney
D. Lungs

Liver

Main epicardial artery which supplies the posterior third of the interventricular septum:
A. RCA
B. LAD
C. Left circumflex artery
D. Left coronary artery

RCA

Morphology of the heart with congestive heart failure, EXCEPT:
A. Thick wall
B. Microscopic hypertrophy
C. Increased weight
D. Dilated chambers

Thick wall

Mechanisms to maintain arterial pressure and perfusion of vital organs, EXCEPT:
A. Absorption of sodium and water
B. Hypertrophy
C. Frank-Starling mechanism
D. Decreased heart rate

Decreased heart rate

Responsible for release of sodium and water during increased blood volume:
A. ANP
B. Norepinephrine
C. RAAS
D. Dopamine

ANP

Cause of right-sided heart failure:
A. Mitral valve prolapse
B. Hypertension
C. Emphysema
D. Ischemic heart disease

Emphysema

This pertains to heart failure:
A. Usually preceded by hypertrophy
B. Increased capability to pump blood
C. Caused by sudden increased contractility
D. Normal heart with suitable load

Usually preceded by hypertrophy

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Which of these is NOT a characteristic lesion or complication of rheumatic heart disease?
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Infective endocarditis
C. Pulmonary stenosis
D. Acute valvulitis

Pulmonary stenosis

Of the following heart diseases, the most common cause of cardiac death is:
A. Ischemic heart disease
B. Cor pulmonale
C. Hypertensive heart disease
D. Congenital heart disease

Ischemic heart disease

Left-sided heart failure is most often caused by the following, EXCEPT:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Aortic stenosis
C. Hypertensive heart disease
D. Cor pulmonale

Cor pulmonale

Major cellular components of the myocardium, EXCEPT:
A. Myocytes
B. Fibroblasts
C. Mature lymphocytes
D. Endothelial cells

Mature lymphocytes

Condition commonly associated with aortic stenosis:
A. Rheumatic heart disease
B. Calcification of bicuspid aortic valve
C. Dilatation of ascending aorta
D. Myxomatous degeneration

Calcification of bicuspid aortic valve

Main epicardial artery which supplies the left lateral ventricular wall:
A. Left circumflex artery
B. Right coronary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Left coronary artery

Left circumflex artery

A fish-eye or buttonhole mitral valve is diagnostic of:
A. Lupus valvular disease
B. Rheumatic valvular disease
C. Previous MI involving chordae tendineae
D. Subacute valvular disease

Rheumatic valvular disease

The immediate effect of the pressure gradient across the mitral valve in pure mitral stenosis is enlargement of:
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left ventricle
D. Left atrium

Left atrium

One of the following leads to atrophy of the heart:
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic ischemic heart disease
C. Coarctation of the aorta
D. Cor pulmonale

Chronic ischemic heart disease

A 50-year-old male with chronic alcoholism and progressive CHF most likely has:
A. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy
B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Ventricular arrhythmia causes sudden death in:
A. Malignant hypertension
B. Coronary occlusion
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Lung embolism

Coronary occlusion

The main clinical features of left ventricular failure (dyspnea and cough) are explained by:
A. Pulmonary congestion
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

Both A and B

Permanent myocardial damage due to irreversible ischemia is best identified as:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Ischemic heart disease
C. Angina pectoris
D. Ventricular aneurysm

Myocardial infarction

Which organ shows the most prominent effects of left-sided heart failure?
A. Kidneys
B. Spleen
C. Lungs
D. Liver

Lungs

Layer of the cardiac wall most prone to ischemia:
A. Subepicardium
B. Subendocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Endocardium

Subendocardium

Structure that emerges with long-standing pulmonary hypertension:
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle (hypertrophy/cor pulmonale)
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle

Right ventricle (hypertrophy/cor pulmonale)

The most frequent site of myocardial infarction is:
A. Anterior left ventricle near the apex
B. Posterior right ventricle near the apex
C. Posterior left ventricle near the apex
D. Anterior right ventricle near the apex

Anterior left ventricle near the apex

Compensated hypertensive heart disease is characterized by:
A. Flattening of trabeculae carnae
B. Left ventricular hypertrophy
C. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis
D. Left ventricular dilatation

Left ventricular hypertrophy

The most common cause of sudden death in acute myocardial infarction is:
A. Cardiac arrhythmia
B. Congestive heart failure
C. Ventricular rupture
D. Cardiogenic shock

Cardiac arrhythmia

Type of natriuretic peptide secreted during increased ventricular pressure and volume:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

B Type (BNP)