ap chem unit 4 - aqueous solutions in reaction

molarity (M)

the concentration of a solute in solution (moles of solute/liters of solution)

precipitate

an ionic insoluble solid that separates out of solution

acid

a species that products H⁺ ions in water solution

base

a species that produces OH^- ions in water solution

strong acids

ionize completely forming H⁺ ions and anions

weak acids

molecules containing an ionizable hydrogen atom that are only partially ionized to H⁺ ions in water

strong base

completely ionized to OH^- ions and cations; hydroxides of group 1 and group 2 metals

weak bases

react with H₂O molecules, acquiring H⁺ ions and leaving OH^- ions behind

equation for strong acid-strong base reaction

H⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) → H₂O