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Plantation farming

large-scale, commercial agriculture focused on growing single cash crops (like coffee, sugar, cotton, tea) on vast estates, typically in tropical/subtropical regions

Is plantation farming intensive or extensive?

Intensive, requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

feedlot

a confined agricultural operation where livestock, primarily cattle, are fattened on a high-concentrate diet (grains, silage) for market, serving as the final stage before slaughter to achieve specific weight and finish

Commercial agriculture relies heavily on irrigation. What explains an environmental concern?

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

environmental side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

The construction of makeshift housing in a country within the periphery, as shown in the photograph, is often the result of

an increasing number of industrial jobs available in a city without adequate housing

Based on the pattern shown in the model, which of the following is the most likely process by which rural-to-urban migrants in Latin America acquire housing upon arriving in a city?

Rural-to-urban migrants have to construct their own housing out of the available materials and on open land often found on the urban periphery.

The urbanization and growth of the steel producing centers of the Ruhr Valley in Germany and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States can best be explained by the site characteristics of

large, local supplies of coal and intersecting rivers

Which of the following site factors is most significant in explaining the expansion of urban areas of Tokyo and Los Angeles following the Second World War?

Flat, open plains along mountainous coastlines

Flat, open plains along mountainous coastlines

Edge cities developed rapidly in the Southwest region of the United States because large numbers of people migrated from the Midwest for the warmer climate and for the jobs resulting when corporations relocated for financial incentives.

Which of the following scenarios is best explained by the concept of range in Christaller’s central place theory?

A consumer purchases gasoline at the nearest town but travels to the nearest city to purchase a new car.

A movement that began in Italy as a reaction to the impact of globalization on the quality of daily urban life promotes

slow-growth cities, which emphasize long-standing cultural traditions

What are brownfields?

Brownfields are often industrial buildings no longer in use.

Christaller’s central place theory argues that which of the following patterns will occur?

Cities and towns of similar size will be evenly spaced across a country or region.

Which of the following urban models best addresses the types of specialization in suburban business?

Galactic city

Where are squatter settlements located in?

Edges of cities

Describe ONE difference in the process settlers use to gain land tenure in squatter settlements compared with formal settlements.

Squatters gain land through informal means, like occupying the land and negotiating, while people in formal settlements get land in a legal way.