neuro basics review

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

• controls plan, programming, movement

• emotion, behavior control, personality

• olfaction

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

hearing & language comprehension

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

• touch perception

• body orientation & sensory discrimination

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

visual reception & interpretation

A lesion in which lobe leads to Broca’s (expressive/non-fluent) aphasia?

How can you communicate with pts w/ Broca’s aphasia?

• frontal lobe, typically in the L hemisphere

• yes/no questions

A lesion in which lobe leads to Wernicke’s (receptive/fluent) aphasia?

How can you communicate with pts w/ Wernicke’s aphasia?

• temporal lobe, typically in the L hemipsphere

• gestures & demonstrates

mnemonic for sensory, motor, or both for cranial nerves

Some say marry money but my brother says big brain matters more

locations of all the cranial nerves

• cerebrum: 1, 2

• midbrain: 3, 4

• pons: 5, 6, 7, 8

• medulla: 9, 10, 11, 12

What are the functions of CN1?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• smell

• anosmia

What are the functions of CN2?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• vision: color, acuity, pupillary light reflex

• blindness, myopia, presbyopia

What are the functions of CN3?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• eye movements, opens eyelids, pupillary light reflex (constriction)

• lateral strabismus, ptosis, dilated pupils

What are the functions of CN4?

down & in eye movement

What are the functions of CN5?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• facial sensation, chewing (mastication mms), corneal reflex (afferent), sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sounds, jaw jerk reflex

• hyperacusis

What are the functions of CN6?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• lateral eye movement

• medial strabismus

What are the functions of CN7?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• facial expressions, corneal reflex (efferent), taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sounds, lacrimation, salivation

• does NOT open eyelid (CN3), chew (CN5)

• hyperacusis

What are the functions of CN8?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• balance & hearing

• sensorineural hearing loss

What are the tests for hearing loss?

How do you interpret each?

Rinne’s test: conductive vs. sensorineural

• air conduction (AC) > bone conduction (BC) → normal or sensorineural loss

• conduction loss: BC>AC → conduction loss

Weber’s test: R vs. L

• normal → tuning fork heard equally on both sides

• conduction loss → heard louder in affected ear

• sensorineural loss → heard louder in normal ear

What are the functions of CN9?

gag reflex (afferent), sensation & taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue, salivation

What are the functions of CN10?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• gag reflex (efferent)

• deviation of uvula to opposite side of lesion

What are the functions of CN11?

innervates SCM, traps

What are the functions of CN12?

What happens if there is a lesion?

• tongue movement

• deviation of tongue to same side of lesion, atrophy of affected side of tongue