Phil Gov: Political Ideologies

Ideology

• “A science of ideas“

• concerned with ideas and search for objective, scientific truth - Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1805-05)

Antoine Destutt de tracy

• “Society is purely and solely a continual series of exchanges.. and the greatest eulogy we can give it, for exchange is an admimrable transaction, in which two contracting parties always both gain; consequently, society is an uninterrupted succession of advantages, unceasingly renewed for all its members“

• born in paris

• french philosopher

• propounder of the doctrine of ideology

• Entered the army & served later as Deputy of the Bourbonnais nobility

• Fervent partisan of reform in monarchical gov’t.

Ideology (Liberal view)

• comprehensive set of beliefs and attitudes about social and economice institutions and processes

• if offers a critique of an existing system and view of the ideal system

• provides an outline of how political change can and should be brought about

Father of Liberalism

• John Locke

5 countries today are communist:

• China

• Noth Korea

• Laos

• Vietnam

• Cuba

First person/politician who called himself as an anarchist

• Pierre Joseph Prooudhon

Left

• Liberal, Radical

• Socialism, Communism

Right

• Conservative, Reactionary

• Conservatism, Fascism

China

• People’s Republic of China (Communist Party of China)

Cuba

• Republic of Cuba (Communist Party of Cuba)

Vietnam

• Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Communist Party of Vietnam)

Laos

• Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao People’s Revolutionary Party)

North Korea

• Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (Workers’ Party of Korea)

Socialist Countries

• Algeria

• Tanzania

• Nepal

• Sri Lanka

• Portugal

Algeria

• National Liberation Front originally socialist

Tanzania

• Declares socialism under ujamaa (African socialism)

Nepal

• Constitution defines the state as socialist-oriented

Sri Lanka

• Constitution commits to establishing a socialist democracy

Portugal

• Constitution (post-1976) references socialism as a guiding principle

Communism

• is a philosophy of government/society

  • based on the ideals of marxism/socialism

  • stresses the following:

    • classless/stateless society

    • common ownership of all resources

    • no private property

    • social equality

Marxism

• the theory

• one of the frameworks by which such a state is developed

• system of analysis and a way to view the world

• views that just as society transformed from feudalism to capitalism, it would transform itself to socialism and eventually to communism

Communism

• is the practical implementation marxism

• the realisation of a stateless society where all are equal

• a political movement, a form of government and a condition of society

• believe that the transformation will take place through revolutionary

Liberal

• an individual who believes that other have the right to think and choose things for themselves

Conservative

• an individual who believes that others must think and choose things exactly as the conservative has already done

Anarchy

• greek prefix: an - without; the absence of

• greek noun: archon - master;ruler

Anarchism

• “stands for liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from shackles and restraint of government. stands for social order based on the free grouping of individuals“ - Emma Goldman