Studied by 15 peopleBiogenesis
the idea that life comes from life
Abiogenesis
The idea that life rises from nothing
How is biogenesis a paradigm shift
because the majority of scientists/people believed for hundreds of years that abiogenesis was correct, until Redi and Pasteur.
Cell theory
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
The activities of a multicellular organism depend on the activities of all its cells.
Calculating total magnification
take ocular lens power (10x) times the objective lens power ex: 10 × hp (40)= 400
Calculating Field of View Medium Power
Medium Power FOV = (Lower Power FOV x Magnification of Low Power) ÷ Magnification of Medium Power
Calculating Field of View High Power
High Power FOV = (Lower Power FOV x Magnification of Low Power) ÷ Magnification of High Power
Prokaryotic Cell
No nucleus, smallest living cells, simple internal structure, no membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria cells are...?
Prokaryotic
Animal and Plant cells are...?
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cell
Have a nucleus, larger (than comparison to prokaryotic), complex internal structure, have membrane-bound organelles
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts while animal cells don't. Plant cells have one vacuole, animal cells have many.
Cell Membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. A phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cells contents.
Cell wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants, bacteria and fungi. Surround cell membrane. Not all made of the same material.
Cytoplasm
The cells contents, including all the cells organelles except the nucleus.
Cytosol
Is the jelly-like fluid in which all the organelles are suspended in a cell.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell. Site of DNA. DNA contains all the instructions for the cells activities. Surrounded by its own porous nuclear-membrane envelope.
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus. Site of ribosomes production.
Ribosomes
Produced in the nucleus. Responsible for building proteins. Some ribosomes are known as free-ribosomes, as they float individually in the cytoplasm. Others are attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth
Connected to the nucleus, lacks ribosomes, funtions to make lipids and release calcium.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough
Connected to the nucleus, studded with ribosomes. functions to make proteins.
Vesicles
Small containers used for storage and transport in cells.
Lysosomes
Specialized vesicles that contain enzymes used to break down proteins, fats and nucleic acids (i.e. cellular waste products)
Golgi apparatus
Processes proteins made by the ER and packages them in vesicles for transport inside or outside of the cell. Is made of a stack of flattened membrane bound sacs.
Vacuoles
Fluid-filled sacs that act as storage compartments for food, water, and waste products. Plant cells often have a large central vacuole whereas animal cells have several smaller vacuoles.
Mitochondria
"Powerhouse" of the cell. Responsible for producing ATP (cellular energy) through the process of cellular respiration. The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it tends to have.
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells and eukaryotic protists. Site of photosynthesis. Contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
Francesco Redi
Disproved spontaneous generation. Conducted one of the first controlled experiments that supported biogenesis. Worked/used meat in jars, some covered/some not. Made observations regarding whether or not maggots would develop.
Louis Pasteur
He conducted experiments that finally disproving abiogenesis. He used flasks with S-shaped necks to show that microorganisms come from other microorganisms, and do not appear by spontaneous generation.
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Inventor of the first microscopes. 1600's.
Robert Hooke
Used a compound microscope to observe slices of cork. Observed empty vessels he called "cells".
Note 
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