Neuro

What is the purpose of an X-Ray in neuro diagnostic tests?

To detect bony fractures and evaluate vertebral alignment.

What does Myelography visualize?

Vertebral column, intervertebral disks, spinal nerve roots, and blood vessels.

What is a post-procedure risk of Myelography?

Headache from CSF leakage.

What are key nursing considerations for MRI scans?

Check kidney function, screen for metal, pretreat anxiety, encourage fluids after contrast.

What does a CT scan rapidly detect?

Stroke and can distinguish bone, soft tissue, and fluids.

What is the key feature of a PET scan?

Shows brain function but not structure.

What is the primary purpose of a lumbar puncture?

To measure CSF pressure, obtain CSF for analysis, and detect infection or bleeding.

What is considered abnormal CSF?

Pink-tinged or bloody.

What is the main treatment for a spinal headache?

Fluids, caffeine, and possibly a blood patch.

What does EEG record?

Electrical activity of cerebral hemispheres, or brain waves.

What type of headache is characterized by unilateral, frontotemporal throbbing pain?

Migraine headache.

What are the associated symptoms of migraines?

Photophobia, nausea, sensitive scalp, anorexia, and may have aura.

What is significant about the prodrome phase of a migraine?

It occurs hours to days before the headache and is experienced by over 80% of adults with migraines.

What is the primary treatment for acute migraine attacks?

Serotonin Agonists (Triptans) like Sumatriptan.

What defines tension-type headaches?

Steady, constant pressure and a band-like sensation around the head.

What is a classic symptom of cluster headaches?

Excruciating unilateral pain occurring every 8-12 hours.

What is a medical emergency related to seizures called?

Status Epilepticus.

What are the classic features of Parkinson's disease?

Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.

What is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus?

Diazepam (Valium).

What is the most important diagnostic test for meningitis?

CSF analysis obtained via lumbar puncture.

What are common signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in encephalitis?

Worsening level of consciousness, vomiting, and possible pupillary changes.

What is the primary treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease?

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil.

What are the classic triad symptoms of Huntington’s Disease?

Chorea, progressive mental status changes, and dementia.

What nursing interventions are key for safety in patients with Huntington's Disease?

Implement fall precautions and monitor for aspiration risk.

What defines the early stage of Alzheimer's Disease?

Forgetfulness, mild memory loss, and decreased work performance.

What characterizes cluster headaches?

Unilateral and occurring at the same time daily, with associated tearing and nasal congestion.