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Direct Democracy
In a direct democracy, policies and laws are decided by a majority based on individuals.
Initiative
Citizens propose a policy, it is placed on the ballot, and citizens vote directly for or against the measure.
Referendum
A state (or local) legislature passes a measure, then it is placed on a ballot for citizen approval.
Direct Democracy vs. Republicanism
- No trust in the people to make good decisions.
- People were not educated enough.
- Fear of mob rule.
- Not practical for everyone to vote (too time-consuming).
- The U.S. is too large for direct democracy.
Participatory Democracy
Emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society. (Direct democracy/citizen participation).
Weakness: May result in violation of minority rights.
Pluralist Democracy
Emphasizes the role of groups in policymaking. Competition prevents governmental dominance, and better protects minority rights.
Weakness: A particularly strong group may have disproportionate influence.
Elite Democracy
Emphasizes limited participation in politics and civil society (representative democracy).
Weakness: Government may be dominated by the wealthy, and those with high status in business, military, and politics.
