nervous system drugs for anxiety and sleep disorders

limbic system

responsible for emotional expression, learning, and memory

hypothalamus

associated with autonomic nervous system and the “flight or flight”

reticular formation

stimulation of this system causes alertness/arousal; inhibition causes driwsiness/induction of sleep 

reticular activating system 

part of the reticular formation, regulate the sleep-wake cycle

when does anxiety become a disorder

after persistent symptoms of 6 months

anxiety disorders

generalized anxiety disorder

panic disorder

phobias

separation anxiety 

agoraphobia

fear o situation or places

anxiety

persistent excessive anxiety or chronic fear and associated behavioral disturbances

insomnia

inability to fall asleep or stay asleep 

what are disorders associated with excessive daytime sleepiness

narcolepsy

obstructive sleep apnea

restless legs syndrome

sedative hypnotic

a drug with the ability to produce a calming effect at lower doses and the ability to induce sleep at higher doses

antiolytics

drugs that have an ability to reduce anxiety symptoms by altering levels of two important neurotransmitters in the brain: norepeineprhie and serotonin

medications for insomnia

benzodiazepine

Z-durgs

serotonin modulators

TCA’s

first generation antihistamine

melatonin receptor agonist

anxiety medications

benzodiazepines

nonbenzodiazepine

SSRI

SNRI

TCA

first generation antihistamine

benzodiazepine medications for insomnia

temazepam, trizaolam, estazolam

z-drug medications for insomnia

zolpidem,, sale-on, eszopiclone

serotonin modulator medications for insomnia 

trazodone low dose

TCA’s medication for insomnia

doxepin low dose and imipramine

first-generation medications for insomnia

diphenhydramine

melatonin receptor agonist medications for insomnia

ramelteon

benzodiazepine medications for anxiety

alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam

nonbenzodiazepine medication for anxiety

buspirone

SSRI medications for anxiety 

citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline 

SNRI medications for anxiety

duloxetine and venlafaxine

TCA medications for anxiety

doxepin, mirtazapine, imipramine, amitriptyline

first generation antihistamine medication for anxiety

hydroxyzine 

what is the first line pharmacological treatment or anxiety and depression

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

wha tare strong central nervous system depressant with high abuse potential; enhances activity of GABA

benzodiazepines

neurotransmitter involved in anxiety disorder

low gaba, high norepinephrine, and high serotonin