BT 3 - FINALS PART 3 WALL SYSTEMS & RCC

Foundation Walls

Provide support for the superstructure above and enclose a basement or crawl space partly or wholly below grade.

Retaining Walls

Defined as a structure whose primary purpose is to provide lateral support for soil or rock. In some cases, such as basement walls and certain types of bridge abutments, it may also support vertical loads.

Gravity walls of stone, brick, or plain concrete

The wall depends primarily on its massive weight to resist failure fro overturning and sliding.

Cantilevered wall

Constructed of reinforced concrete and makes use of the weight of the earth in resisting the tendency to overturn at the outer edge. 

Counterfort, or buttressed

The wall consist of a footing, a wall stem, and intermittent vertical ribs (called counterforts) that tie the footing and wall stem together.

Crib wall

Consists of interlocking concrete members that form cells which are then filled with compacted soil

Shear Walls

A vertical cantilever with high resistance to horizontal loads parallel to its length.

Resists horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall.

RC Columns

Are rigid, relatively slender structural members designed primarily to support axial compressive loads applied to the ends of the members.

Tied Columns

These are columns with longitudinal bars and lateral ties. 

4 bars of a minimum size of #5.

The ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of vertical reinforcement to the gross column area should not be less than 1% nor more than 8% and should consist of at least __________.

least 3/8” (10 mm)

Lateral tiles shall be at ______ diameter and shall be spaced apart not over than 16 bar diameters, 48 tie diameters, or the least dimension of the column. 

Spiral Columns

These are columns with longitudinal bars and closely spaced continuous spiral hooping. 

min size of 3/8”

The spiral reinforcement, with______ shall consist of evenly spaced continuous spirals held firmly in place by at least three vertical spacer bars. 

1-1/2” (38 mm)

Protective covering for the column reinforcement shall not be less than _________.

Composite Columns

Where structural steel columns are embedded into the concrete core of a spiral column.

Combined Columns

Where structural steel is encased in concrete of at least 7 cm thick, reinforced with wire mess surrounding the column at 3 cm inside the outer face of the concrete cover.

Lally Columns 

Are fabricated steel pipes provided with flat steel plates which holds a girder or girt and is filled with grout or concrete to prevent corrosion

Dowel Bars

Short bars used to transfer the stress at the bottom of the columns to the footings. 

50 bars diameter

The dowels shall extend into the column and into the pedestal or footing not less than______ for plain bars or 40 diameters for deformed bars.

4 bars - 1 Tie

6 bars - 2 Ties

8 Bars - 2 Ties

10 Bars - 3 Ties

12 Bars - 3 Ties

14 Bars - 4 Ties

16 Bars - 4 Ties