slp 320 phonation physio ws 5

extrinsic muscles connect with

structures outside the larynx

intrinsic muscles connect with

structures within the larynx

extrinsic muscles move

entire larynx

intrinsic muscles move

vocal folds

extrinsic muscles are responsible for

major movements of the larynx for swallowing and tongue for articulation

intrinsic muscles are responsible for

fine control of vocal folds (open, close, tense, relax)

2 muscle groups for phonation

medial compression and longitudinal tension

2 types of medial compressors

adductors and abductors

2 types of longitudinal tensors

tensors and relaxers

medial compression means

how close or far VFs are from midline

longitudinal tension means

how much VFs are stretched

name the adductors

transverse interarytenoids, oblique interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids

name the abductor

posterior cricoarytenoid

name the tensors

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid vocalis

name the relaxers

thyroarytenoid muscularis and thyroarytenoid superior

how voiced vs unvoiced sounds differ

voiced= VFs are adducted and vibrating; unvoiced= VFs are abducted, not vibrating

all vowels are voiced or unvoiced

voiced

which consonants are unvoiced

ch, f, h, k, p, s, sh, t, th (thigh

3 phases of phonation

onset, sustained, termination

2 stages of first phase

prephonation and attack

definition of attack phase

VFs begin vibrating as air flows through them

definition of sustained phase

VFs remain adducted and vibrating

definition of prephonation phase

VFs move from abducted to adducted position

definition of termination phase

VFs come apart

when do we terminate phonation

for voiceless sounds, to take a breath, or at the end of connected speech

when do we sustain phonation

through stream of connected voiced sounds

how do we sustain phonation

keeping the VFs adducted during exhalation

pitch is adjusted by

how fast VFs vibrate

volume is adjusted by

how much VFs vibrate

fundamental frequency definition

rate of VF vibration

frequency is measured in

hertz (cycles per second)

frequency is perceived as

pitch

faster VF vibration results in

higher pitch

slower VF vibration results in

lower pitch

to raise pitch, we contract

tensors

.. which —— VF length

increases

… which —— VF tension

increases

… which —- VF mass per square area

decreases

…which —- VF vibratory rate

increases

… which is perceived as a —-

higher pitch

to lower pitch, we contract

relaxers

and relax

tensors

… which —- VF length

decreases

… which —-VF tension

decreases

…which —- VF mass per square area

increases

… which —- VF vibratory rate

decreases

…which is perceived as a —-

lower pitch

to raise volume, we increase

medial compression

by contracting these muscles

adductors

so VFs are closed for—-

longer period of time

so we need more — and —-

air and subglottal pressure

VFs will open with —-

greater force

and the waveform will be ——

higher

to reduce volume, we decrease

medial compressions

so VFs are closed for —-

shorter period of time

and more air escapes via —-

glottis