Patho_notes_2d_immunity_disorders_II

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16 Terms

1
Hypersensitivity
An exaggerated immune response to an antigen, classified into four types: Type I (Immediate), Type II (Ab-mediated cytotoxicity), Type III (Immune complex mediated), and Type IV (cell-mediated, delayed).
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2
Type I Hypersensitivity
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE and mast cells, leading to conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic reactions.
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3
Mast cell degranulation
The process in which mast cells release histamine and other chemicals in response to an allergen, causing allergic symptoms.
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4
Immune complex
Aggregation of antibodies and antigens that can deposit in tissues and trigger inflammation, characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity.
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5
Type II Ab-mediated cytotoxicity
A form of hypersensitivity where antibodies bind to cell surfaces and trigger destruction via various immune mechanisms.
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6
Cell-mediated, delayed type hypersensitivity (Type IV)
An immune response where T cells mediate chronic inflammation and tissue damage, often seen in infections and transplant rejections.
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7
Opportunistic infections
Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with SCID or AIDS.
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8
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
A stage of HIV infection characterized by the presence of some symptoms like swollen lymph nodes and fatigue, but not yet full-blown AIDS.
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9
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
An autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, often diagnosed by specific criteria including the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies.
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10
Type III hypersensitivity
A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage.
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11
B-cell deficiencies
Genetic conditions where the body lacks adequate B cells, leading to immunodeficiency and increased vulnerability to infections.
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12
SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)
A genetic disorder resulting in the absence of both T and B lymphocytes, leading to life-threatening infections.
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13
Thymus dysfunction
A condition where the thymus gland, essential for T cell maturation, does not function properly, affecting immune responses.
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14
Kaposi's sarcoma
A type of cancer that can occur in AIDS patients, characterized by the abnormal growth of blood vessels.
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15
Autoimmune disease
A disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, which can be confined to a single organ or be systemic.
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16
Positive anti-nuclear antibody
An indicator of autoimmune conditions, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus, where the immune system targets nuclear components.
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