05 Planning and Organizing in Community Development

Relational Planning

• Goal: To increase QoL through increased trust and caring-

• Focal system: Place-based; geographic proximity

• Basic change strategy: Working together to improve present and future QoL

• Approach: intuitive, affective, social

• Tactics: “Talking through” what is needed

• Practitioner roles: warm, caring person with relationship-building skills

• Type of power: “Soul” relationship

Traditional Planning

• Goal: To address broad community issues, can be government mandated

• Focal system: Traditional structures (i.e., governments); legal geo-political entities (e.g. barangays)

• Basic change strategy: Long term planning policy formulation and implementation bureaucracy

• Approach: Seeking help from professionals and stakeholders for decisions

• Tactics: Rational; technical presentations and recommendations; engagement of experts

• Practitioner roles: Employee of agency providing the expertise or handline the project

• Type of power: Vertical (community is subordinate); knowledge

Advocacy/ Equity Planning

• Goal: To ensure that disempowered groups have voice in long-range planning

• Focal system: Target groups who are affected by injustices (identified by advocates) Basic change strategy: Empowerment and seeking accountability through social action tactics

• Approach: Research and educational strategies to conscientize regarding power imbalances and influence political will

• Tactics: Raising awareness from false consciousness

• Practitioner roles: Expert volunteer/ advocate who wishes to help disenfranchised community/group

• Type of power: Aiming for equality; sensitive to the political nature of power

Participatory Planning

• Goal: To solve problems through active engagement of those affected

• Focal system: Defined by the people who are affected by the problem

• Basic change strategy: Participants control the process, and are engaged in the whole CBPAR and CO

• Approach: Information gathered, consolidated, and interpreted by participants

• Tactics: Participants share results and identify strategies

• Practitioner roles: An equal participant

• Type of power: Solidarity, participatory, productive

Stages of Planning

• Vision

• Mission Statement

• Define outcome objective/s

• Define evaluation measures

• Define processes (i.e., activities, programs, projects)

• Build organizational structures

• Resource management and budgeting

• Detailing the action steps

Relational Implementation

Seeks to link people at the institutional, associational, primary group, family, and individual levels in an ongoing network of mutual care. Relational efforts focus on the family, friendship circles, other primary groups, and neighborhoods. They are rooted in home and family rather than the public arena.

Locality Development

(1) facilitate negotiation among key stakeholders (2) gain public support for large public projects (3) facilitate problem solving by engaging pre-identified stakeholders with one another and with those at the mezzo- and macro-system levels who have determined that a given project is needed.

OUTPUTS: policies, programs

Social Action

(Advocacy/Empower)

• Legislative action

• Dispute resolution: mediation or arbitration

• Collective bargaining

• Non-violent resistance

• Coercive tactics

Popular Education

Process of CBPAR and stages of Community Organizing