Higher Physics: Unit 3 - Electricity
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Last updated 7:45 PM on 11/11/22
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41 Terms
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What is alternating current?
Current that changes direction
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What is peak voltage?
Maximum voltage achieved by a signal
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What is used to obtain the peak voltage?
An oscilloscope
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In terms of peak voltage, what did the y-gain tell us?
Voltage represented by each box
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How to calculate peak voltage from a graph
Count the number of boxes from O to a peak then multiply by the Y-Gain
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What is used to obtain the frequency of a signal?
An oscilloscope
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In a series circuit, Current is...
Constant
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In a series circuit, voltage is....
Split up across the components
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In a series circuit, total resistance is...
individual resistances added together
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In a parallel circuit, current is...
Split up across the components
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In a parallel circuit, voltage is...
Constant
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In parallel circuit, total resistance is...
1 divided by each resistance added together and flipped
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What is the r.m.s voltage?
The value of direct voltage that produces the same power as the alternating voltage.
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What does a potential divider do?
Divides voltage within a current so parts of the circuit only receive the voltage they require.
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What is resistance?
a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to pass through a component
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What is current?
Number of charges passing a point per second
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What is voltage?
Energy per coulomb of charge
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What is potential difference?
voltage
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What is power?
Energy consumed per second
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What is charge?
Value for electricity flowing in a circuit
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What is EMF?
The energy given to each coulomb of charge that passes through the source
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What is internal resistance?
The resistance inside the battery/cell/power supply caused by the electrons colliding with atoms inside the device.
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What are lost volts?
The energy wasted per coulomb overcoming the internal resistance.
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What is terminal potential difference?
The potential difference across the load resistance
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What is a capacitor?
a component that stores charge
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What is capacitance?
ability to store charge
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What is the gap between the plates of a capacitor called?
Insulator
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When a capacitor is uncharged, what is the voltage equal to?
0
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When a capacitor is fully charged, the voltage across it is equal to....
The supply voltage
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When a capacitor is fully charged, the current is equal to....
0
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How easily charges can flow through the material
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What are conductors?
Materials with high conductivity
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What are insulators?
Materials with low conductivity
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What are semiconductors?
Materials that can act as either conductors or insulators
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What is a valence band?
Outermost energy band of an atom where electrons can jump out of
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What is a conduction band?
The band where electrons are free to move in the material, creating an electrical current
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What is band gap?
Space between valence and conduction band
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What does a large band gap mean?
Lots of energy is required for electrons to move to conduction band
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What is the fermi level?
The top of the collection of electron energy levels at Absolute Zero
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What is absolute zero?
0 Kelvin
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What does a small band gap mean?
Small amounts of energy is required for electrons to move to the conduction band
Note 
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