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Higher Physics: Unit 3 - Electricity
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41 Terms
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1
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What is alternating current?
Current that changes direction
2
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What is peak voltage?
Maximum voltage achieved by a signal
3
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What is used to obtain the peak voltage?
An oscilloscope
4
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In terms of peak voltage, what did the y-gain tell us?
Voltage represented by each box
5
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How to calculate peak voltage from a graph
Count the number of boxes from O to a peak then multiply by the Y-Gain
6
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What is used to obtain the frequency of a signal?
An oscilloscope
7
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In a series circuit, Current is...
Constant
8
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In a series circuit, voltage is....
Split up across the components
9
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In a series circuit, total resistance is...
individual resistances added together
10
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In a parallel circuit, current is...
Split up across the components
11
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In a parallel circuit, voltage is...
Constant
12
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In parallel circuit, total resistance is...
1 divided by each resistance added together and flipped
13
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What is the r.m.s voltage?
The value of direct voltage that produces the same power as the alternating voltage.
14
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What does a potential divider do?
Divides voltage within a current so parts of the circuit only receive the voltage they require.
15
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What is resistance?
a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to pass through a component
16
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What is current?
Number of charges passing a point per second
17
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What is voltage?
Energy per coulomb of charge
18
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What is potential difference?
voltage
19
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What is power?
Energy consumed per second
20
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What is charge?
Value for electricity flowing in a circuit
21
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What is EMF?
The energy given to each coulomb of charge that passes through the source
22
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What is internal resistance?
The resistance inside the battery/cell/power supply caused by the electrons colliding with atoms inside the device.
23
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What are lost volts?
The energy wasted per coulomb overcoming the internal resistance.
24
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What is terminal potential difference?
The potential difference across the load resistance
25
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What is a capacitor?
a component that stores charge
26
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What is capacitance?
ability to store charge
27
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What is the gap between the plates of a capacitor called?
Insulator
28
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When a capacitor is uncharged, what is the voltage equal to?
0
29
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When a capacitor is fully charged, the voltage across it is equal to....
The supply voltage
30
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When a capacitor is fully charged, the current is equal to....
0
31
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How easily charges can flow through the material
32
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What are conductors?
Materials with high conductivity
33
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What are insulators?
Materials with low conductivity
34
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What are semiconductors?
Materials that can act as either conductors or insulators
35
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What is a valence band?
Outermost energy band of an atom where electrons can jump out of
36
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What is a conduction band?
The band where electrons are free to move in the material, creating an electrical current
37
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What is band gap?
Space between valence and conduction band
38
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What does a large band gap mean?
Lots of energy is required for electrons to move to conduction band
39
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What is the fermi level?
The top of the collection of electron energy levels at Absolute Zero
40
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What is absolute zero?
0 Kelvin
41
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What does a small band gap mean?
Small amounts of energy is required for electrons to move to the conduction band
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