igcse reaction conditions

haber process

iron catalyst; 450°C; 200 atm

contact process

vanadium (V) oxide catalyst; 450°C; 2 atm

fermentation

yeast (catalyst); 35°C; absence of oxygen; sugar (glucose) dissolved in water

dehydration

heat; aluminium oxide catalyst

hydration of ethene

steam; phosphoric (V) acid; 60-70 atm; 300°C

substitution

UV light

extracting iron in blast furnace

hot air and coke to achieve high temperatures; iron ore; limestone (to remove impurities)

extraction of aluminium using electrolysis

very large current; cryolite; carbon anodes

catalytic cracking

600-700°C; aluminium oxide catalyst

incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide)

fuel; insufficient oxygen

formation of nitrogen oxide (car engines)

high temperature