haber process
iron catalyst; 450°C; 200 atm
contact process
vanadium (V) oxide catalyst; 450°C; 2 atm
fermentation
yeast (catalyst); 35°C; absence of oxygen; sugar (glucose) dissolved in water
dehydration
heat; aluminium oxide catalyst
hydration of ethene
steam; phosphoric (V) acid; 60-70 atm; 300°C
substitution
UV light
extracting iron in blast furnace
hot air and coke to achieve high temperatures; iron ore; limestone (to remove impurities)
extraction of aluminium using electrolysis
very large current; cryolite; carbon anodes
catalytic cracking
600-700°C; aluminium oxide catalyst
incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide)
fuel; insufficient oxygen
formation of nitrogen oxide (car engines)
high temperature