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activity theory
people get life satisfaction by keeping high social activity and involvement
ageism
prejudice against boomers
Contributes to negative perceptions of the aging process
aging
a normal, inevitable, progressive process that produces irreversible changes of an extended time
antioxidants
thought to prevent formation of free radicals
atrophy
become thinner and less elastic
After menopause, this happens to ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes
Lubrication and vaginal secretions decrease
autoimmune theory
aging is related to weakened immune system of body
Then it fails to recognize its own tissues → destroy mode
cerumen
ear wax
Accumulates and interferes with passage of sound vibrations through external canal to middle and inner ear
clockwork theory
connective-tissue cells have an internal clock
The internal clock is genetically programmed to stop cell production after so many reproductions
The clock determines one's life
continuity-developmental theory
each person is a quirky individual with uNiquEE personalities
A person's personality and pattern of coping remains unchanged with againg
Lol ew
delirium
acute response in brain functioning
dementia
loss of cognitive abilities
demographics
statistical characteristics
disengagement theory
society and the individual gradually withdraw/ disengage from each other
Boomers give zoomers the power... that feeling is mutually satisfying for both groups
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
ego integrity
each stage of development completes the integration of the person → meaningful/ satisfying life
An older individual who has accomplished the first 7 developmental tasks can now set out to achieve ego integrity
free-radical theory
based on idea that unstable molecs can result from cellular metabolism/ substances in atmosphere
These particles are reactive and can combo with proteins, lipids, cell organelles
Can cause mutations in chromosomes → change cellular functions → cause breakdowns in aging process
gerontology
study of aging
Lol nobody knows why we age
health care proxy
durable power of attorney
Designates someone to make decisions in the event that the person is unable to do so
homeostasis
internal balance
skin helps with it
immune-system-failure theory
decline in immune functions causes body to slow its response to foreign invaders
integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, oil, sweat glands
keratosis
thickening
kyphosis
aka dowager hump
Exaggerated curve of spine
lacrimal ducts
tear ducts
They get blocked, so the eyes start get extra watery
life expectancy
average number of years that person is likely to live
Longer for women than men
The most accurate predictor for one's life expectancy is the life span of their biological parents
life span
maximum number of years that a species is capable of surviving
lipofuscin
pigmented metabolic waste product
living will
written when individuals are still competent and able to determine the type of future treatment they desire
lumen
narrowing of the vessel
when loss of elasticity in blood vessels AND accumulation of collagen and lipofuscin
Causes increase in bp
melanocytes
pigmented cells
nephrons
functional units of kidneys
These start to decrease/ get lost
Causes 1:3 instead of 2:3 filtration ratio
neurons
nerve cells
Decreases with age
old
75-90
opacity
clouding of lens progress
peristalsis
avelike muscular movement in the gastrointestinal tract
Takes longer in boomers for esophagus, stomach, lower intestine to empty
pruritus
itching
reminiscence
aka life review
Give meaning to their life/ reinforce their worth
residual volume
amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful exhalation
senescence
symptoms of normal aging
senile lentigo
irregular pigmentation
Because of uneven distribution of melanocytes
tinnitus
ringing in ears
very old
90+
wear-and-tear theory
after repeated injury, cells wear out and stop functioning
Metabolic waste products accumulate over time→ deprive cells of nutrition → causes malfunction
young old
65-74
xerostomia
dry mouth (saliva decreases)
the majority of older americans live in:
a. chronic LTC facilities
b. acute rehabilitation facilities
c. hospitals as patients
d. their own homes alone or with their families
d
the psychological theories of aging serve to explain:
a. physical changes of aging
b. a person's life satisfaction
c. life expectancy
d. life span
b
older people are at increased risk for falling because of
a. an accumulation of cerumen
b. postmenopausal symptoms
c. a shift in the center of gravity
d. marked decrease in heights
c
falls in the older adult may contribute to (select all that apply):
a. permanent loss of function
b. sedentary behavior
c. poor quality of life
d. prolonged institutional care
a,b,c,d
as the older person loses adipose tissue:
a. muscle weight increases
b. memory loss increases
c. temperature control is difficult
d. the biological clock speeds up
c
the characteristic hearing loss of old age means that the nurse must communicate in :
a. low, moderate tones
b. high frequency tones
c. a soft whisper
d. a loud shout
a
The following retirement phase is characterized by a feeling of euphoria:
a. remote
b. reorientation
c. stability
d. honeymoon
d
which of the following statements about aging is correct:
a. as individuals age, they are always ill
b. most elderly are in nursing homes
c. older people can learn new things
d. all older people become senile
c
dementia seen in the older adult:
a. is always irreversible
b. is a natural outcome of aging
c. is a symptom of an underlying disorder
d. is caused by alzheimer's disease
c
which of the following symptoms is characteristic of delirium:
a. onset over weeks
b. irreversible
c. chronic and progressive
d. may result from acute illness
d
older adults need a diet consisting of adequate proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, and fluids. following surgery the older adult requires greater amounts of _____ to help build and repair tissues.
a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. fats
d. fluids
b
marital conflict, substance abuse ,and financial difficulties may be contributing factors to:
a. unwanted pregnancy
b. family violence
c. disengagement
d. ageism
b
the ____ theory of aging suggests that one should remain involved in activities as long as possible.
a. disengagement
b. clockwork
c. wear-and-tear
d. activity
d