hosa human growth and development chapter 13 late adulthood

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Last updated 4:28 AM on 1/29/26
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58 Terms

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activity theory

people get life satisfaction by keeping high social activity and involvement

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ageism

prejudice against boomers

Contributes to negative perceptions of the aging process

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aging

a normal, inevitable, progressive process that produces irreversible changes of an extended time

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antioxidants

thought to prevent formation of free radicals

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atrophy

become thinner and less elastic

After menopause, this happens to ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes

Lubrication and vaginal secretions decrease

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autoimmune theory

aging is related to weakened immune system of body

Then it fails to recognize its own tissues → destroy mode

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cerumen

ear wax

Accumulates and interferes with passage of sound vibrations through external canal to middle and inner ear

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clockwork theory

connective-tissue cells have an internal clock

The internal clock is genetically programmed to stop cell production after so many reproductions

The clock determines one's life

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continuity-developmental theory

each person is a quirky individual with uNiquEE personalities

A person's personality and pattern of coping remains unchanged with againg

Lol ew

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delirium

acute response in brain functioning

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dementia

loss of cognitive abilities

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demographics

statistical characteristics

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disengagement theory

society and the individual gradually withdraw/ disengage from each other

Boomers give zoomers the power... that feeling is mutually satisfying for both groups

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dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

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ego integrity

each stage of development completes the integration of the person → meaningful/ satisfying life

An older individual who has accomplished the first 7 developmental tasks can now set out to achieve ego integrity

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free-radical theory

based on idea that unstable molecs can result from cellular metabolism/ substances in atmosphere

These particles are reactive and can combo with proteins, lipids, cell organelles

Can cause mutations in chromosomes → change cellular functions → cause breakdowns in aging process

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gerontology

study of aging

Lol nobody knows why we age

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health care proxy

durable power of attorney

Designates someone to make decisions in the event that the person is unable to do so

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homeostasis

internal balance

skin helps with it

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immune-system-failure theory

decline in immune functions causes body to slow its response to foreign invaders

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integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, oil, sweat glands

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keratosis

thickening

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kyphosis

aka dowager hump

Exaggerated curve of spine

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lacrimal ducts

tear ducts

They get blocked, so the eyes start get extra watery

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life expectancy

average number of years that person is likely to live

Longer for women than men

The most accurate predictor for one's life expectancy is the life span of their biological parents

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life span

maximum number of years that a species is capable of surviving

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lipofuscin

pigmented metabolic waste product

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living will

written when individuals are still competent and able to determine the type of future treatment they desire

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lumen

narrowing of the vessel

when loss of elasticity in blood vessels AND accumulation of collagen and lipofuscin

Causes increase in bp

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melanocytes

pigmented cells

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nephrons

functional units of kidneys

These start to decrease/ get lost

Causes 1:3 instead of 2:3 filtration ratio

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neurons

nerve cells

Decreases with age

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old

75-90

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opacity

clouding of lens progress

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peristalsis

avelike muscular movement in the gastrointestinal tract

Takes longer in boomers for esophagus, stomach, lower intestine to empty

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pruritus

itching

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reminiscence

aka life review

Give meaning to their life/ reinforce their worth

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residual volume

amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful exhalation

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senescence

symptoms of normal aging

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senile lentigo

irregular pigmentation

Because of uneven distribution of melanocytes

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tinnitus

ringing in ears

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very old

90+

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wear-and-tear theory

after repeated injury, cells wear out and stop functioning

Metabolic waste products accumulate over time→ deprive cells of nutrition → causes malfunction

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young old

65-74

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xerostomia

dry mouth (saliva decreases)

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the majority of older americans live in:

a. chronic LTC facilities

b. acute rehabilitation facilities

c. hospitals as patients

d. their own homes alone or with their families

d

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the psychological theories of aging serve to explain:

a. physical changes of aging

b. a person's life satisfaction

c. life expectancy

d. life span

b

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older people are at increased risk for falling because of

a. an accumulation of cerumen

b. postmenopausal symptoms

c. a shift in the center of gravity

d. marked decrease in heights

c

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falls in the older adult may contribute to (select all that apply):

a. permanent loss of function

b. sedentary behavior

c. poor quality of life

d. prolonged institutional care

a,b,c,d

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as the older person loses adipose tissue:

a. muscle weight increases

b. memory loss increases

c. temperature control is difficult

d. the biological clock speeds up

c

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the characteristic hearing loss of old age means that the nurse must communicate in :

a. low, moderate tones

b. high frequency tones

c. a soft whisper

d. a loud shout

a

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The following retirement phase is characterized by a feeling of euphoria:

a. remote

b. reorientation

c. stability

d. honeymoon

d

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which of the following statements about aging is correct:

a. as individuals age, they are always ill

b. most elderly are in nursing homes

c. older people can learn new things

d. all older people become senile

c

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dementia seen in the older adult:

a. is always irreversible

b. is a natural outcome of aging

c. is a symptom of an underlying disorder

d. is caused by alzheimer's disease

c

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which of the following symptoms is characteristic of delirium:

a. onset over weeks

b. irreversible

c. chronic and progressive

d. may result from acute illness

d

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older adults need a diet consisting of adequate proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, and fluids. following surgery the older adult requires greater amounts of _____ to help build and repair tissues.

a. carbohydrates

b. proteins

c. fats

d. fluids

b

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marital conflict, substance abuse ,and financial difficulties may be contributing factors to:

a. unwanted pregnancy

b. family violence

c. disengagement

d. ageism

b

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the ____ theory of aging suggests that one should remain involved in activities as long as possible.

a. disengagement

b. clockwork

c. wear-and-tear

d. activity

d